Boyhood Studies - A Bibliographic Exploration Diederik F. Janssen, MD, BA June, 2005. Last updated June 2007 NOTE: This page is optimized for Opera browser, and may display umlauts incorrectly in Microsoft Internet Explorer. Please use PDF or DOC versions to render doc/htm/txt custom displays. For processing, txt format is recommended. Use "save as" option from Microsoft Word for mentioned options. © 2005-7 Diederik F. Janssen (that is to say- use freely but link to us please) Available from http://www.boyhoodstudies.com **************************************************************** Compiler's Note Over the past decades we have been witnessing a growing interest in the areas of developing, developmental, and emerging masculinities. This bibliography has been made to explore the feasibility of a "Boyhood Studies" approach as an emergent "field" of cultural, anthropological, and sociological inquiry. Prospect of this exploration is the proposal of a new peer-reviewed journal that meets the growing legitimacy for such a concept, and that accommodates the interplay, and diversity, of research on boy-related matters. "Boyhood Studies" is an emerging international research area (Pattman, Frosh & Phoenix, 1998; Sørensen, 1999). The current status quo of "boyhood studies" as a field of inquiry allows the image of a nexus, niche, or intersection projected from "established" panoramic frames of endeavour such as "men and masculinity studies", feminist pedagogy, queer pedagogy, "age studies" (Gullette, 2000) and "gender studies" in general. Thus, toward the end of the previous century (pre)adolescent masculinities have been elaborated within various interventionalist and normative paradigms (anti-"homophobia", anti-"sexism", anti-"sissy", anti-"harassment", anti-"violence", anti-"underachievement") as well as within panacademic paradigms of embodiment, identity and self image, locality and positionality, power and participation. Researchers have begun examining how boy'hoods' are modelled, reproduced, reinvented, managed, negotiated, regulated, and articulated in terms of racialization, territoriality, authenticity, multiplicity, hierarchies and hegemonies, transgression, and 'rituals of manhood'. Ethnographers have issued the political interplay and performative tensions between private, public, and transcendental images, and performances, of boyhood. Well-received contributors to this field include (among many others) Mary Kehily, Mairtin Mac an Ghaill, Emma Renold, James W. Messerschmidt, Gary Alan Fine, Debbie Epstein, Peter Redman, Amanda Keddie, Christine Skelton, Barrie Thorne, Wayne Martino, Cheri Jo Pascoe, Gilbert Herdt, Michael Bamberg, Neill Korobov, and Jay Mechling. In this bibliography I have been moderate on psychoanalytic contributions. The bibliography also holds back on non-Western data, which is comprehensively referenced in Janssen (2003, I, II; 2005). This bibliography has benefited from previous bibliographic efforts (e.g., ibid.), and sections of Michael Flood's royal Men's Bibliography: A comprehensive bibliography of writing on men, masculinities, gender, and sexualities. Also useful was Perry Nodelman's online Bibliography of Children's Literature Criticism. I haste to add that exhaustiveness was not among the issues. We think that the bibliography, with close to 1,500 entries, does provide a raison d'être for a Journal launch. Current number is entries is: 1,942. * This file was released June 2005 * Last updated in June 2007. * Suggestions are welcomed: diederikjanssen@gmail.com Miles Groth, PhD (mgroth@wagner.edu) Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, Wagner College Diederik F. Janssen, MD, BA (diederikjanssen@gmail.com) (compiler) Independent researcher **************************************************************** Aapola, Sinikka (1997) Mature girls and adolescent boys? : deconstructing discourses of adolescence and gender, Young 5,4 Aasebø, Turid Skarre (2005) Television as a marker of boys’ construction of growing up, Young 13: 185-203 Aasgaard, Reidar (2004) From Boy to Man: Jesus in the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. American Academy of Religion (AAR) Meeting, November 20-23, 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA Abbot, Mary (1996) Life Cycles in England, 1560-1720: Cradle to Grave. London-New York: Routledge Abbott, Franklin (Ed.) (1993) Boyhood, Growing Up Male: A Multicultural Anthology. Freedom, California: The Crossing Press Abbott, Kellie (2003) Producing men? Masculinities, boys' employment and farm labour in early twentieth-century western Australia. Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies [Australia] 9: 38-58 Abe, Ikuo & Mangan, J. A. (1997) The British Impact on Boys' Sports and Games in Japan: An Introductory Survey. International Journal of the History of Sport [Great Britain] 14(2): 187-199 Abedi, Mehdi & Michael M.[ths]J. Fischer (2006) An Iranian village boyhood / in Burke, Edmund (Ed.) Struggle and survival in the modern Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2nd ed. Abedi, Mehdi & Michael M.J. Fischer (1993) An Iranian village boyhood, in E. Burke III (Ed.) Struggle & Survival in the Modern Middle East. Berkeley, pp. 320-35 Abrahams, R. D. (1962) Playing the Dozens, Journal of American Folklore 75:207-20 Adair, Gilbert (2003) The Real Tadzio: Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice and the Boy Who Inspired It. London: Short Books Adamian, A.A., Andreev, S.D., & Ostretsova, N.I. (1990) [Prosthesis of the testis in monorchism and anorchism]. Khirurgiia (Mosk), 11:108-11 [at age 14 and upward] Adams, Michael C. C. (1990) The Great Adventure: Male Desire and the Coming of World War I. Bloomington Indiana University Press Addelston, Judi (1996) Exploring masculinities: Gender enactments in preparatory high schools. Phd Dissertation, City University of New York Adegoke, A. A. (1992) Relationship between parental socio-economic status, sex and initial pubertal problems among school-going adolescents in Nigeria, J Adolesc 15,3:323-6 Adegoke, A. A. (1993) The experience of spermarche (the age of onset of sperm emission) among selected adolescent boys in Nigeria, J Youth & Adolesc 22,2:201-9 Adler, E. S. & Clark, R. (1991) Adolescence: a literary passage. Adolescence 26(104):757-68 Agruss, David (2004) Dead Schoolboys: Mass Gender Production and the Uses of History. Queer Matters, School of Humanities, King's College London, 28-30 May 2004 Aho, M. O., Tammela, O. K., Somppi, E. M. & Tammela, T. L. (2000) Sexual and social life of men operated in childhood for hypospadias and phimosis. A comparative study, Eur Urol 37,1:95-100; discussion 101 Albanidis, Evangelos (2000) The Ephebia in the Ancient Hellenic World and its Role in the Making of Masculinity, The European Sports History Review 2:4-23 Alberici, Lisa (2005) Becoming a man: Youth and Christianity in Late Antiquity. Masculinity as Masquerade: Men and the Performance of Gender" Conference, Gregynog Hall, Newtown, Powys, April 2005 Alcorn, Aaron (2006a) Inventing the Inventive Boy: Gender, Technology, and the Wondrous Childhood of Orville and Wilbur Wright. Con/texts of Invention: A working conference. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, April 20-23, 2006 Alcorn, Aaron (2006b) Packaging Modernity: Model Airplanes, Model boys, and the Culture of Making in the United States. 6th European Social Science History Conference, 22-25 March 2006 Alcorn, Aaron (200X) Modeling Behavior: Boys, Engineers, and the Model Airplane in American Culture. PhD Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University. In preparation Aldis, Owen (1975) Play Fighting. New York: Academic Press Alexander, Clyde (2000) Rites of passage in the African American male bonding experience: A heuristic investigation. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Union Institute Alexis, E. (2001) Boys to Men - Socialization Process and Male Sexuality. Paper delivered at the conference Gender, Sexuality and HIV/AIDS: Research and Intervention in Africa, April 23-24, Department of Women and Gender Research in Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen Alford, Keith A., Bedell, Tina, Gavazzi, Stephen M., Kim, Hyoun K. & McKenry, Patrick C. (1997) An Africentric Rites of Passage Program for Adolescent Males. Journal of African American Men 3,2:7-20 Allen, Michael R. (1967) Male cults and secret initiations in Melanesia. London: Cambridge University Press Allen, Michael R. (1998) Male cults revisited: the politics of blood versus semen. Oceania 68,3:189-99 Aller, Susan Bivin (1994) J.M. Barrie: The Magic Behind Peter Pan. Lerner Publications Alloway, N. & Gilbert, P. (1998) Video Game Culture: Playing with Masculinity Violence and Pleasure. In S. Howard (Ed.) Wired Up: Young People and the Electronic Media. London: UCL Press Almassian, Behruz (2002) Male Circumcision in Islamic Culture: A Personal Recollection. Journal of Religion & Psychical Research 25,4:206-7 Alnaes, Kirsten (1967) Nyamayingi's Song: An Analysis of a Konzo Circumcision Song, Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 37,4:453-465 Alvarez, Joseph A. (1998) The Lonesome Boy Theme as Emblem for Arna Bontemps's Children's Literature, African American Review 32, 1, 23-31 Alves, Julio (1993) Transgressions and Transformations: Initiation Rites among Urban Portuguese Boys, American Anthropologist 95(4), pp .894-928 American Academy of Pediatrics (1996) Timing of elective surgery on the genitalia of male children with particular reference to the risks, benefits, and psychological effects of surgery and anesthesia, Pediatrics 97,4:590-4 Ampofo, Akosua Adomako & John Boateng (2005) Multiple Meaning of Manhood among Boys in Ghana. Paper Presented to the Meeting on “Men and Masculinities” University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, January 26-27 2005 Anderson, David D. (1975) The boy Scout books and America in transition, Journal of Popular Culture 8,4:708-713 Anderson, J. (2000) England in Jamaica: memories from a colonial boyhood. The American Scholar 69,2:15-30 Anderson, Kristin J. & Christina Accomando (2002) 'Real' Boys? Manufacturing masculinity and erasing privilege in popular books on raising boys. Feminism & Psychology 12,4:491-516 Anderson, Kristin J., George, Jessica & Nease, Jessica (2002) Requirements, Risks, and Responsibility: Mothering and Fathering in Books about Raising Boys. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 2,1:205-221 Anderson, M. (2003) Reading violence in boys' writing. Language Arts 80,3:223-230 Anderson, Ryan K. (2005) Tip Top Weekly and its Readers: A Look at Juvenile Commentary on Manly Boyhood. Children’s Worlds, Children in the World, Marquette University, August 4-7, 2005 Anderson, Ryan K. (200x) Changing American Boys: Youth, Manliness, and the Frank Merriwell Ideal. Thesis is preparation, Purdue University Anderson, Ryan K.(2006) "What would Frank Merriwell do?" Middle-class readers and the Progressive Era roots of all-American boyhood. Ph.D. Dissertation, Purdue University Andersson, K. (2005) Ambiguity as Recourse in Doing Masculinities: a troubled boy’s narrative. Childhoods 2005 International Conference, University of Oslo, June 29-July 3, 2005 Andræ, Marika (2001) Rött eller grönt? Flicka blir kvinna och pojke blir man i B. Wahlströms ungdomsböcker 1914-1944 [Red or Green? B. Wahlströms girls' and boys' stories 1914-44]. Dissertation, Upssala University [Swedish] Angel-Cann, Lauryn (2004) Boys Becoming Men: Balancing Sensitivity with Shallowness in Nick Hornby's About a Boy. National PCA/ACA and SW/TEXAS PCA/ACA Joint Conference, April 7–10 Änggård Eva (2005) Barbie princesses and dinosaur dragons: narration as a way of doing gender, Gender & Education 17,5:539-553 Angier, Natalie (1994) The debilitating malady called boyhood. New York Times, 7/24/94, Vol. 143 Issue 49767, Section 4 p1 Angles, Jeffrey (2005a) Stroking the Male Surface: Shônen’ai (The Love of Adolescent Boys) in the Poetics of Inagaki Taruho. Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting Angus, Lawrence B. (1993) Masculinity and Women Teachers at Christian Brothers College, Organization Studies 14,2:235-260 Anthony, Albert S. (1955) A Cross-Cultural Study Of Factors Relating To Male Initiation Rites And Genital Operations. PhD Dissertation, Harvard University Applin, Albert Gammon, II (1982) From Muscular Christianity to the Market Place: The History of Men's and Boys' Basketball in the United States, 1891-1957. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts Arac, Jonathan (1997) Huckleberry Finn as idol and target: the functions of criticism in our time. Madison; London: University of Wisconsin Press Archer, Louise & Hiromi Yamashita. (2003) Theorising Inner-City Masculinities: 'Race', class, gender and education. Gender & Education, 15(2):115-132 Archer, Louise (2003) Race, masculinity and schooling: Muslim boys and education. Maidenhead: Open University Press Ariss, Robert (1992) Foucault in the Highlands: The Production of Men in Papua New Guinea Societies, The Australian Journal of Anthropology 3,4:142-149 Arlow, Jacob A. A (1951) Psychoanalytic Study of a Religious Initiation Rite Bar Mitzvah. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 6:353, 22p Armen, Jean Claude (1974) Gazelle-Boy: A Child Brought up by Gazelles in the Sahara Desert. London: Pan; New York: Universe Books Armstrong, Mary (2000) The Price We Pay For Shaming Little Boys. Journal of Psychohistory 27(4): 446-452 Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen (2002). Requirements for Manhood in an East African Culture. In Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen; Readings on Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall Ashby, LeRoy (?) “Straight from youthful hearts”: Lone Scout and the discovery of the child, 1915-1924, Journal of Popular Culture ?:775-793 Asher, Jac (2004) "I'm Not the Boy You Want": James Baldwin and the Art of Masculine Dependency across the Color Line. Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association Annual Conference, Reed College from Friday, November 5 through Sunday, November 7, 2004 Ashley, M. (2002a) Singing, Gender and Health: perspectives from boys singing in a church choir, Health Education 102,4:180-87 Ashley, M. (2002b) The Spiritual, the Cultural and the Religious: what can we learn from a study of boy choristers? International Journal of Children's Spirituality 7,3:258-72 Ashley, M. (2003) You Can’t Expect Boys to do That: vocal performance as masculinity. Third International Physiology and Acoustics of Singing Conference, 11-13 May 2006 - York, England Ashley, Martin (2003) "You must understand that we find girls en masse intimidating": Maximum masculinities as boys perform a girlie activity. Gender and Education 4th International Conference, 'Revisiting Feminist Perspectives on Gender and Education', 14th-16th April 2003, Stephenson Hall, University of Sheffield, UK Ashley, Martin (2006) You sing like a girl? An exploration of ‘boyness’ through the treble voice. Sex Education 6,2:193-205 Attridge, D. J.M. (1999) Coetzee's boyhood, confession, and truth. Critical Survey 11,2 , 77-93 Aufenanger, H. (1960) Jugendweihe und Weltbild am mittleren Sepik, Anthropos 55:135-44 Auger, D. (1995) A l’ombre des jeunes garcons en fleurs, in Auger, D. (Ed.) Enfants et enfances dans les mythologies: Actes du VIIe colloque du Centre de Recherches Mythologiques, Chantilly 16-18 septembre 1992. Belles Lettres, Paris, pp. 77-101 Austin, Jonathan Edward (1995) The English Boys Boarding Preparatory School, 1914-1940. Dissertation, Open University [England] Aveline, David (2006) “Did I Have Blinders on or What?”: Retrospective Sense Making by Parents of Gay Sons Recalling Their Sons’ Earlier Years. Journal of Family Issues 27,6:777-802 Avery, Gillian (1994) Behold the Child: American Children and Their Books 1621–1922. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press [chapter "Frank and Manly: Ideals of Boyhood." pp. 184–210] Ayoub, M. & Barnett, S. A. (1965) Ritualized verbal insults in white school culture, Journal of American Folklore 78:337-44 Bäck, Hilding (1934) The Synonyms for 'Child', 'Boy', 'Girl' in Old English. Lund: Gleerup Bade, Thomas Arthur (1983) From Boyhood to Maturity: The Hero's Journey. Phd Dissertation, Saybrook Graduate School And Research Center Baden-Powell, Robert; Boehmer, Elleke (Ed.) (2004) Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press Bader, P. H. (1953) Die Reifefeiern bei den Ngada (Mittelflores, Indoenesien). Mödling bei Wien; St. Gabriel Verlag Bagshaw, Dale Margaret (2004) Verbal abuse and adolescent identities : marking the boundaries of gender. Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Melbourne, School of Behavioural Science and School of Social Work Bailey, Barbara & Brown, Monica (1999) Schooling and masculinity. Boy's perception of the school experience. Caribbean journal of education 21,1-2:42-57 Bailey, Victor (1983) Bibles & Dummy Rifles: The Boys' Brigade. History Today [Great Britain] 33(Oct): 5-9 Baker, Julie A. (2004) The Childhood of the Epic Hero: Representation of the Child Protagonist in the Old French Enfances Texts, French Literature Series, The Child in French and Francophone Literature, Edited by Buford Norman, pp. 91-107 Baker, W. (1989) The making of a little man. The Georgia Review 43:312-335 Bales, Susan Ridgely (2004) Training Christian Soldiers: An Analysis of James Dobson’s Approach to "Bringing Up Boys" from 1970-2003. American Academy of Religion (AAR) Meeting, November 20-23, 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA Ballard, Linda-MaySome (1988) Photographic Evidence of the Practice of Dressing Boys in Skirts. Ulster Folklife 34:41-47 Bamberg, M. & Barcinski, M. (in collaboration with C, Morey, J. Farwell & S. Powell) Developing a (male) sense of (heterosexual) self: Positioning strategies in 10-, 12-, and 14-year olds on the topic of girls and sexuality. Symposium at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Jean Piaget Society, Chicago, June 5th, 2003 Bamberg, M. & Korobov, N. (2003) Gender: A Separable Category for Analysis? COSWL / IGALA Conference 'Perception and Realization in Language and Gender Research' July 19-20 Bamberg, M. (2004) “We are young, responsible, and male”: Form and function of ‘slut-bashing’ in the identity constructions in 15-year-old males. Human Development, 47 Bamberg, M. (2005) Review of Frosh/Phoenix/Pattman (Young Masculinities) and Way/Chu (Adolescent Boys). To appear in: Journal of Adolescent Research Bamberg, M. (in preparation) “You’re right, it’s nuts, we can’t trust girls”: Form and function of narratives in identity constructions in 10-year-old males Bamford, Sandra C. (2004) Embodiments of Detachment: Engendering Agency in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. In Pascale Bonnemere (Ed.) Women as Unseen Characters: Male Ritual in Papua New Guinea, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Barbour, Richard (1995) 'When I Acted Young Antinous': Boy Actors and the Erotics of Jonsonian Theater. PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 110,5:1006-1022 Barcinski, M. (2003) “We Shoved like Three Girls at a Time”—Hegemonic and Weak Masculinities in 10-Year-Olds. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Jean Piaget Society (JPS) 'Play and Development', June 5-7, Chicago, IL. Barclay, Ryan (2004) (De)constructing masculinities: How boys negotiate their ‘maleness’ in relation to sport. Education Research Conference 2004, University of Western Sydney Barghini, G. (1970) [Preliminary Italian findings on the dynamics of testicular development. Findings in boys of Carrara aged 10 to 13 years], Ann Sanita Pubblica 31,4:487-97 Barker, G. (2005) Dying to be Men: Violence and the Construction of Manhood among Young Men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Childhoods 2005 International Conference, University of Oslo, June 29-July 3, 2005 Barker, Gary & Ricardo, Christine (2005) Young Men and the Construction of Masculinity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS, Conflict, and Violence. World Bank, Social Development Papers No. 26 Barman, Jean (1984) Growing Up British in British Columbia: Boys in Private School. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press Barman, Jean Alice (1982) Growing Up British in British Columbia: Boys in Private School, 1900-1950. Dissertation, University of British Columbia [Canada] Barnes, Cliona (2006) Contested Curricula: Irish Youth Culture and Homogenous Masculinity in the Single-Sex School. Association for Cultural Studies, Crossroads Conference at Istanbul Bilgi University, 20-23 July 2006 Barnett, Patricia Mary (1973) English boys' weeklies, 1866-1899. Unpub. doct. diss., Univ. of Minnesota Barrie, James M. (1911) Peter and Wendy. London: Hodder & Stoughton Barrow, Rosemary (2000) "Mad about the boy": mythological models and Victorian painting. Dialogos: Hellenic Studies Review [Great Britain] 7: 124-142 Barry III, H. & Schlegel, A. (Eds.) (1980) Cross-Cultural Codes and Samples. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press Barry, H. III & Schlegel, A. (1984) Measurements of adolescent sexual behavior in the standard sample of societies, Ethnology 23,4:315-29 Barry, H. III & Schlegel, A. (1986) Cultural Customs That Influence Sexual Freedom in Adolescence, Ethnology 25,2:151-162 Barry, H. III, Josephson, E. et al. (1976) Traits inculcated in childhood: cross-cultural codes 5, Ethnology 15:83-114 Barry, Herbert, III (2002) Cultural customs associated with a genital operation on adolescent boys. Society for Cross-Cultural Research 2002 Meeting Basile, R. (2001) Gender in Homosexual Boys: Some Developmental and Clinical Considerations, Am J Psychoanal [New York] 61,4:409-10 Bassomb, Nouk (1993) Baskets at the Crossroads. Parabola Magazine 18(3):17-19 Bastin, Marie-Louise (1990) The Initiationsriten mukanda und mungonge der Tshokwe (Angola), in Männerbande, Männerbünde: Zur Rolle des Mannes im Kulturvergleich, eds. Gisela Volger & Karin von Welck, vol. 1, pp. 315-26. Köln: Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum Battaglia, Debbora (1985) "We Feed Our Father": Paternal Nurture among the Sabarl of Papua New Guinea, American Ethnologist 12,3:427-441 Baumann, Hermann (1932) Die Mannbarkeitsfeiern bei den Tsokwe (N.O. Angola; Westafrika) und ihren Nachbarn. Baessler-Archiv 15:1-54 Baumgarten, Roland (1998) Päderastie und Pädagogik im antiken Griechenland. In Horn, Klaus P; Christes, Johannes; Parmentier, Michael (Eds.) Jugend in der Vormoderne. Köln: Böhlau Verlag. pp. 167-190 Bauserman, R. (1990) Objectivity and ideology: Criticism of Theo Sandfort’s research on man-boy sexual relations, J Homosex 20:297-312 Baxter, Kent (2005) Making American Boys: Boyology and the Feral Tale (review), The Lion and the Unicorn 29,2:289-292 Baxter, Kent Bryan (1998) Identity in Crisis: Modernism and the Texts of Adolescence. Dissertation, University of Southern California Beard, A. Jay & Bakeman, Roger (2000) Boyhood gender nonconformity: Reported parental behavior and the development of narcissistic issues. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy 4,2:81-97 Beaty, L. A. (1995) Effects of paternal absence on male adolescents' peer relations and self-image. Adolescence 30:873-880 Becker, Heike. (2000) “‘Becoming men’. Masculine identities among young men in two Namibian locations”. Development Update 3,2:54-70 Bederman, Gail (1995) Manliness & Civilization. A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States 1880-1917. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Beer, C. (1994). Temple Boys. A Study of Cypriote Votive Sculpture I. Catalogue (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 113:1). Paul Åströms Förlag, Jonsered Beer, C. (Forthcoming) Temple-Boys. A Study of Cypriote Votive Sculpture, Part 2. Contextual and Functional Analysis. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 113:2. Jonsered: Paul Åströms Förlag Beer, Cecilia (1994) Temple-boys: a study of Cypriote votive sculpture. Jonsered: Åström. Studies in Mediterranean archaeology 113 Beet, Stephen R. (2005?) The Better Land- in Search of the Lost Boy Sopranos. Portlaw, Co. Waterford: Rectory Press Beets, Nicolaas ([1954]) De grote jongen: de psychologie van de jongen in de vlegeljaren. Utrecht: Bijleveld [also dissertation, University of Utrecht, “De jongen in de puerale periode”] [Dutch] Beggan, J. K. (2003) "What Sort of Man Reads Playboy?" The Self-Reported Influence of Playboy on the Construction of Masculinity, Journal of Men's Studies 11,2:189-206 Beidelman, T. O. (1965) Notes on Boys' Initiation Among the Ngulu of East Africa, Man 65:143-147 Beidelman, T. O. (1997) The Cool Knife: Imagery of Gender, Sexuality and Moral Education in Kaguru Initiation Ritual. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Esp. chapter "Initiation of Boys" (pp. 131-162) Bell, A. I. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles, J Am Psychoanal Assoc 9:261-286 Bell, A. I. (1965) The significance of scrotal sac and testicles for the prepuberty male, Psychoanal Quart 34:182-206 Bell, A. I. (1968) Additional aspects of passivity and feminine identification in the male, Int J Psychoanal 49,4:640-647 Bell, A. I. (1974) Psychologic implications of scrotal sac and testes for the male child, Clin Pediatr 13,10:838-43, 846-7 Bell, D. (2000) Farm boys and wild men: Rurality, masculinity, and homosexuality, Rural Sociol [College Station] 65,4:547-561 Beller, T. (2005) How to be a man: scenes from a protracted boyhood (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton Belsey, Catherine (2005) Shakespeare's Little Boys: Theatrical Apprenticeship and the Construction of Childhood. In Reynolds, Rematerializing Shakespeare, pp. 53-72 Ben, Pablo (2003) Child Queer Prostitution, Buenos Aires 1870-1916. Department of History, University of Chicago, Gender and Sexuality Studies Workshop, Spring 2003 Ben-Amos, Ilana Krausman (1994) Adolescence and Youth in Early Modern England. New Haven: Yale University Press Ben-Ari, Eyal (1991) Transformation in Ritual, Transformation of Ritual: Audiences and Rites in a Japanese Commuter Village. Ethnology 30,2:135-147 Ben-Asher, Noa (2004) Paradoxes of Health and Equality: When a Boy Becomes a Girl. ExpressO Preprint Series. Working Paper 359 (August 25, 2004) Benatar, M., & Benatar, D. (2003) Between Prophylaxis and Child Abuse: The Ethics of Neonatal Male Circumcision. American Journal of Bioethics, 3(2), 35-48 Benjamin, Richard Martin (2000) Youth apocalypse: The contemporary culture and politics of young white males. Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University Bennett, Paul W. (1988) Taming "bad boys" of the "dangerous class": child rescue and restraint at the Victoria Industrial School 1887-1935, Histoire Sociale / Social History 21,71-96 Benson, Amy (2004) The Bodies of Pre-Teen Boys. River Styx 67:3-7 Bensoussan, P. (1995) Peter Pan, le Petit Prince ou quand les "grandes personnes" écrivent le mythe de l'enfance merveilleuse. Études Psychothér 11:1107-19 Berdie, R. F. (1947) Playing the dozens, J Abnorm Soc Psychol 42:120-121 Bereska, T. M. (2003) The Changing Boys' World in the 20th Century: Reality and "Fiction". Journal of Men's Studies 11,2, 157-174 Bereska, Tami M. (1999) The construction of masculinity in young adult novels for boys, 1940-1997. PhD Dissertation, University of Alberta, Canada Beretta, G., Mazzucchelli, S., Zanollo, A., Negri, L. & Catanzaro, F. (1986) [Hypospadias: sexual behavior in adult males subjected to a corrective surgical treatment in childhood], Minerva Urol Nefrol 38,1:17-20 Berg, G. & Berg, R. (1983) Castration complex: Evidence from men operated for hypospadias, Acta Psychia Scand 68,3:143-53 Berg, Henrik (2007) The Question of Age in the Construction of Hellenistic Masculinities. Masculinity and the Other --An Interdisciplinary Conference, Balliol College, University of Oxford, 29-30 August 2007 Berg, R. et al. (1983) Androgens and personality in normal men and men operated for hypospadias in childhood, Berg, R., Berg, G. & Svensson, J. (1982) Penile malformation and mental health. A controlled psychiatric study of men operated for hypospadias in childhood, Acta Psychiatr Scand 66,5:398-416 Berg, R., Svensson, J. & Astrom, G. (1981) Social and sexual adjustment of men operated for hypospadias during childhood: a controlled study, J Urol 125,3:313-7 Berger, Paula Silverman (1994) Peter Pan as a mythical figure. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago Bergstrom, Brian (2005) Bishonen and the Beast: Historical Trauma and Monstrous, Beautiful Boys in the Manga of Maruo Suehiro. 9th Asian Studies Conference Japan, Sophia University, Ichigaya Campus, Tokyo, June 18-19, 2005 Bergstrom, Brian (2005) Weeping and Wounding: Melodrama and the "Moral Occult" of Boyishness in Shônen Manga. Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting Bergstrom, Brian (200X) Young Boys Doing Terrible Things: Youth, Crime, and Culture in Heisei Japan. Dissertation is prepapation, University of Chicago Berman, Ruth (1998) No Joe Marches. Children's Literature in Education 29,4:237-247 Bernstein, Neil W. (2005) Mourning the Puer Delicatus : Status Inconsistency and the Ethical Value of Fostering in Statius, "Silvae" 2.1. American Journal of Philology 126,2,[502]:257-280 Berryman, Jack W. (1975) From the cradle to the playing field: America’s emphasis on highly organized sports for preadolescent boys. Journal of Sport History, 2(2):112-131 Berube, Michael (1999) "Come Back to the Text Ag'in, Huck Honey”, American Quarterly 51, 3, 693-701 BETTELHEIM, Bruno (1968) Symbolic Wounds. Puberty Rite and the Envious Male (New, Revised ed). New York: Collier Books Beynon, John (2004) 'Mr Beckford's Favourite Propensity': The Erotics of Boyhood and the Emergence of a Sexual Self in Late-Eighteenth-Century England. In Graham, Kenneth W. (Ed.) Berland, Kevin (assistant ed.). William Beckford and the New Millennium. (pp. 7-35). New York, NY: AMS Bhana, Deevia (2002) Making gender in early schooling. A multi-sited ethnography of power and discourse: from grade one to two in Durban. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Natal, Durban Bhana, Deevia (2003) Ngizokushaya: Young, violent masculinities in black primary schools. Gender and Education 4th International Conference, 'Revisiting Feminist Perspectives on Gender and Education', 14th-16th April 2003, Stephenson Hall, University of Sheffield, UK Bhana, Deevia (2005a) Violence and the Gendered Negotiation of Masculinity Among Young Black School Boys in South Africa, in Ouzgane, Lahoucine & Morrell, Robert (Eds.) African Masculinities. Palgrave Macmillan Bhana, Deevia (2005b) What matters to girls and boys in a black primary school in South Africa, Early Child Development and Care, February 2005, 175,2: 99-111 Bhana, Deevia (2005c) Troubling black masculinities and boys and girls in schools in South Africa. Childhoods 2005 International Conference, University of Oslo, June 29-July 3, 2005 Bhana, Deevia (2005d) I'm the best in maths. Boys rule, girls drool. Masculinities, mathematics and primary schooling. Perspectives in Education [University of Pretoria] 23,3:1-10 Bienvenue, Louise & Christine Hudon (2003) Pour devenir homme tu transgresseras...Quelques enjeux de la construction du masculin dans les collèges classiques québécois, XIXe –Xxe siècles », 70e Congrès annuel de la Société canadienne d’histoire de l’Église catholique, Saint-Hyacinthe, 26 septembre 2003 Bienvenue, Louise (2005) Pour devenir homme, tu transgresseras...» Quelques enjeux de la socialisation masculine dans les colleges classiques quebecois (1880-1939), The Canadian Historical Review 86,3:485-511 Biersack, A. (1982) Ginger Gardens for the Ginger Woman: Rites and Passages in a Melanesian Society, Man, New Series 17,2:239-58 Bignell, Jonathan (2000) 'Get Ready for Action!': Reading Action Man Toys. pp. 231-50. In Jones, Dudley & Watkins, Tony (Eds.) A Necessary Fantasy? The Heroic Figure in Children's Popular Culture. New York, NY: Garland Biller, Henry B. (1967) An exploratory investigation of masculine development in kindergarten age boys. Thesis (Ph. D.), Duke University Billheimer, A. (1947) Age-Classes in Spartan Education. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 78, 99-104. Billone, Amy Christine (2004) The Boy Who Lived: From Carroll's Alice and Barrie's Peter Pan to Rowling's Harry Potter. Children's Literature 32:178-202 Bilu, Yoram (2000a) From Milah to Milah: A Psychocultural Analysis of Male Identity Construction in Ultraorthodox Rituals of Childhood (Hebrew), Alpa'im 19:16-46 Bilu, Yoram (2000b) Circumcision, The First Haircut and the Torah: Ritual and Male Identity in the Ultraorthodox Community of Israel. In M. Ghoussoub & E. Sinclair-Webb (Eds.) Imagined Masculinities: Male Identity and Culture in the Modern Middle East. London: Saqi Books, pp. 33-64 Bilu, Yoram (2003) From Milah (“Circumcision”) to Milah (“Word”): Male Identity and Rituals of Childhood in the Jewish Ultraorthodox Community, Ethos 31,2:172-203 Binder, Stephan (1932) Kind, Knabe, Mädchen in den nördlichen Dialekten des dakoromanischen Sprachgebietes. Ein Beitrag zur Onomasiologie, Diss. Berlin, Bukarest Bingmann, Melissa (2003) Prep school cowboys: The education of the elite at Western ranch schools (Arizona). Phd Dissertation, Arizona State University Binns, J.W. (1974) Women or Transvestite on the Elizabethan Stage?: An Oxford Controversy, Sixteenth Century Journal 5:95-170 Birbeck, David & Drummond, Murray (2006) Understanding Boys Bodies and Masculinity in Early Childhood. International Journal of Men’s Health, 5,3: Bird, B. (1958) A study of the bisexual meaning of the foreskin, J Am Psychoanal Assn 6:287-304 Birkin, Andrew (1979) JM Barrie and the Lost Boys. New York: Potter. 2003, New Haven & London: Yale University Press Black, Alistair (1999) Man and Boy: Modifying Masculinities in Public Librarianship, 1850-1950. With A Case Study of the Inter-War Librarianship Masonic Circle. Paper delivered to the ‘Gendering Library History’ Conference, Liverpool John Moores University, 15 May 1999 Black, Barbara J. (1999) An empire's great expectations: museums in imperialist boy fiction. Nineteenth-Century Contexts [Netherlands] 21(2): 235-258 Blacker, Carmen (1963) The Divine Boy in Japanese Buddhism. Asian Folklore Studies 22:77-88 Blair, Stanley S. (1994) 'What Are You Going to Make out of This Boy?' The Role of Poetry in the 'Management' of Boys, 1875-1900. In Eiss, Harry (Ed.) Images of the Child. (pp. 307-22). Bowling Green, OH: Popular Blaise, Mindy (2005) A feminist poststructuralist study of children “doing” gender in an urban kindergarten classroom, Early Childhood Research Quarterly 20, 85–108 Blake, Ann (1998) Boy Actors in Women's Roles. In White, Shakespeare: Readers, Audiences, Players, pp. 121-30 Blank-Mathieu, Margarete (2001) Sozialisation, Selbstkonzept und Entwicklung der Geschlechtsidentität bei Jungen im Vorschulalter. Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Sozialwissenschaften in der Fakultät für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Blazina, Christopher (2004) Gender Role Conflict and the Disidentification Process: Two Case Studies on Fragile Masculine Self. Journal of Men's Studies 12,2:151 161 Bleibtrue-Ehrenberg, G. (1980) Mannbarkeitsriten: Zur Institutionellen Päderastie bei Papuas und Melanesiern. Frankfurt/Berlin/Wien: Ullstein Materialien Bloch, Enid (2001) Sex Between Men and Boys in Classical Greece: Was It Education for Citizenship or Child Abuse? Journal of Men’s Studies 9(2):183-204 Bloch, M. (1992) "Initiation". Chapter in Prey into hunter: The politics of religious experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 8-23 Blome, Juliana Marie (2004) The makings of a man: Masculinity ideology and its relationship to sexual activity, violent behavior, and academic underachievement among economically disadvantaged, African-American, adolescent males. PhD Dissertation, Columbia University Bloom, Gina (2000) ‘Thy Voice Squeaks': Listening for Masculinity on the Early Modern Stage. Renaissance Drama 29:39-71 Bloom, Gina (2007) “Boy Eternal”: Aging, Play, and the Development of Masculinity. 53th Annual Meeting of the RSA, Miami, FL, 22-24 March 2007 Bloom, Gina (book in progress) [Playing Boys: Early Modern Youth and Masculinity] Bloom, Harold (Ed. and introd.) (1999) William Golding's Lord of the Flies. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Blos P. (1989) Masculinity: developmental aspects of adolescence. Adolescent Psychiatry 16:5-15; discussion 16-30 Blüher, Hans (1912) Wandervogel, Geschichte einer Jugendbewegung. Berlin Blüher, Hans (1921) Die Rolle der Erotik in der männlichen Gesellschaft. 2 vols. Jena: Diederich Blyth, J. (2004) Law of the Playground: A Puerile and Disturbing Dictionary of Playground Insults and Games. Ebury Press Bodin, G. & Poulson, I. (1998) Blue Velvet by David Lynch: A Fairy Tale About the Developmental Conflicts of Growing from Boyhood to Manhood. Psychoanal. Inq., 18:238-250. Boehmer, Elleke (2004) The (im)possibility of asexuality: Baden-Powell and the Boy Scouts. A one-day workshop: Four Papers on Sex and Gender, 30th October 2004, St. John’s College Boehmer, Elleke (200x) At once a-sexual and anal: Baden-Powell and the Boy Scouts. Submitted Bogardus, Emory (1926) The City Boy and His Problems. Los Angeles, CA: House of Ralston, Rotary Club of Los Angeles Boggs, Merry Lue, Reading boys: A poststructural inquiry into first-grade literacy and masculinity during the language arts block. Phd Dissertation, University of South Florida Bohannan, P. (1954) Circumcision Among the Tiv, Man 54:2-6 Bohle, B. (1990). Ritualisierte Homosexualität - Krieg - Misogynie: Beziehungen im und um den Männerbund: Beispiele aus Neuguinea. In Völger, G. & Welck v., K. (Eds.) Männerbande - Männerbünde, Vol. 2. Zur Rolle des Mannes im Kulturvergleich. Köln: Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, pp. 285-296 Bolton, Frank G. Jr., Larry A. Morris & Ann E. MacEachron (1989) Males at risk: the other side of child sexual abuse. Newbury Park, Calif.; London: Sage Bonde, Hans (2000) Gymnastics as a Masculinity Rite: Ollerup Danish Gymnastics between the Wars, The European Sports History Review 2 Bonde, Hans (2000) Sport als Männlichkeitsprobe. Über Sport und Ritual [Sport as a test of masculinity: on sport and ritual]. Stadion [Germany] 26,1:25-39 Boney, Bradley (1996) The Lavender Brick Road: Paul Bonin-Rodriguez and the Sissy Bo(d)y, Theatre Journal 48,1: 35-57 Bonnemère, Pascale (2004) When Women Enter the Picture: Looking at Anga Initiations from the Mothers' Angle. In Pascale Bonnemere (Ed.) Women as Unseen Characters: Male Ritual in Papua New Guinea, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Bontemps, Arna. "The Lonesome Boy Theme." Horn Book 42 (December 1966):672-80 Boone, Troy (2005) Of Wolves and Boys [review], Children's Literature 33:237-241 Bortolot, Alexander Ives (2003) Negotiating Masculinity: Male Initiation and Associated Arts of the Makonde Peoples. Dissertation, Columbia University Bosch, Thomas (2000) From ruins to rock'n'roll: Images of male youths and constructions of masculinity in West German cultural production, 1945—1961. PhD Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin Bosmans-Hermans, An (1975) Het jongenspatronaat in België [The boys confraternities in Belgium]. Spiegel Historiael [Netherlands] 10(3): 161-167 Bosse, Hans (1990) Violence and care: The appropriation of "sons" by their "fathers" in Papua New Guinea. Group Analysis 23,1:5-16 Bouchard, P., J.C. St-Amant & C. Gagnon (2001) Pratiques de masculinité à l'école québécoise, Revue canadienne d'Éducation, 25 (2), p. 73-87 Bouckaert, Bruno (2005) The 'Maîtrises' at the Collegiate Churches of St Géry and Ste Croix in Cambrai. Youth & Age, International Medieval Congress, 11-14 July 2005 Bouez, Serge (1991) Sexe des fétiches: remarques sur les rites de l'initiation masculine en Nouvelle-Guineé, Nouvelle revue d'ethnopsychiatrie [Grenoble] 16:101-122 Bourgeois, Arthur P. (1990) Initiation und Inthronisation bei den Yaka in Zaire, in Männerbande, Männerbünde: Zur Rolle des Mannes im Kulturvergleich, eds. Gisela Volger & Karin von Welck, Vol. 1, pp. 301-308. Köln: Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum Bowers, Roger (2005) A Ministry in Music: The Singing Boys of English Parish Churches in the Late Middle Ages. Youth & Age, International Medieval Congress, 11-14 July 2005 Boyd, K. (2002) Manliness and the boys' story paper in Britain: a cultural history, 1855-1940. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan Boyd, Kelly King (1991a) 'Wait Till I'm a Man!': Ideals of Manliness in British Boys' Story Papers, 1855-1940. PhD Dissertation, Graduate School, New Brunswick Rutgers, State University of New Jersey Boyd, Kelly King (1991b) Knowing Your Place: The tensions of manliness in boys’ own story papers, 1918-39, in M. Roper & J. Tosh (Eds.) Manful assertions: masculinities in Britain since 1800. London, Routledge, pp. 145-167 Boyd, Kelly King (1994) Exemplars and ingrates: imperialism and the boys' story paper, 1880-1930. Historical Research [Great Britain] 67(163): 143-155 Boyer, Duane (2004) Defining moments in men's lives: A study of personal narratives. Thesis (Ph.D.), Deakin University Bracka, A. (1999) Sexuality after hypospadias repair, BJU Int 83 Suppl 3:29-33 Bradford, Clare (1998) Playing with Father: Anthony Browne's Picture Books and the Masculine, Children's Literature in Education 29,2:79-96 Bradley, S. J., Oliver, G. D., Chernick, A. B. & Zucker, K. J. (1998) Experiment of nurture: ablatio penis at 2 months, sex reassignment at 7 months, and a psychosexual follow-up in young adulthood, Pediatrics 102,1:e9 Bragg, Ross Andrew (1995) The Boy Scout Movement in Canada: Defining Constructs of Masculinity for the Twentieth Century. M.A. thesis, Dalhousie University Brain, James L. (1980) Boys' Initiation Rites among the Luguru of Eastern Tanzania. Anthropos: International Review of Ethnology & Linguistics 75:369-82 Bramham, P. (2003) Boys, Masculinities and PE, Sport, Education & Society, 8,1:57-71 Brandel, Rose (1954) The Music of African Circumcision Rituals. Journal of the American Musicological Society 7,1:52-62 Braucher, D. (1998) Darth Vader vs. Superman: Aggression and intimacy in two preadolescent boys’ groups. Journal of Child & Adolescent Group Therapy 8,3:115-134 Brelich, Angelo (1969) Paides e parthenoi. Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo Brenner, J. S., Hergenroeder, A. C., Kozinetz, C. A. & Kelder, S. H. (20030 Teaching testicular self-examination: education and practices in pediatric residents. Pediatrics 111(3):e239-44 Brice, Ian D. (2001) Ethnic masculinities in Australian boys' schools: Scots and Irish secondary schools in late nineteenth-century Australia. Paedagogica Historica [Belgium] 37(1): 139-152 Bridcut, John (2006) Britten's Children. Faber & Faber Bristow, J. (1991) Empire Boys: Adventures in a Man’s World. London: Harper Collins Brito, Rosemeire dos Santos (2006) [An intricate plot of masculinities and femininities: boys school failure]. Cad. Pesqui 36,127:129-149 Brongersma, E. ([1986]) Loving Boys. 2 Vols. Elmhurst: Global Academic Publishers [Dutch volumes under the title Jongensliefde] Brongersma, E. (1990a) Boylovers and Their Influence on Boys: Distorted research and anecdotal observations. J Homosex 20:145-173 Bronson, Wanda Charwat (1957) Masculine Identity In Preadolescent Boys As A Function Of The Father - Son Relationship. Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley Brooks, Dianne (2005) The Beautiful English Boy: Mark Lester and Oliver!. pp. 114-30.In Pomerance, Murray (ed. and introd.) & Gateward, Frances (ed. and introd.) Where the Boys Are: Cinemas of Masculinity and Youth. Detroit, MI: Wayne State UP Broomfield, Stuart (1981) The apprentice boys' strikes of the second world war. Llafur [Great Britain] 3(2): 53-67 Broude, G. J. (1999) Boys will be boys. The Public Interest 136:3-17 Brown, Gillian (1999/2000) “Child’s Play”. differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies. 11,3, 77-106 Brown, J. T. (1921) Circumcision Rites of the Becwana Tribes, J Royal Anthropol Instit Great Britain & Ireland 51:419-427 Brown, K. D. (W1990) Modelling for war? toy soldiers in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. Journal of Social History 24:237-254 Brown, Steve (1990) The Boyhood of Shakespeare's Heroines: Notes on gender ambiguity in the Sixteenth Century, Studies in English Literature 30:243-259 Browne, G. (1913) Circumcision Ceremonies Among the Amwimbe, Man 13:137-140 Browne, G. St. J. Orde (1915) The Circumcision Ceremony in Chuka. Man 15:65-68 Browne, Rollo & Fletcher, Richard (Eds.) (1995) Boys in Schools. Sydney: Finch Books Browning, Will (2006) Chilling Childhoods in Québec: Léolo and L'Avalée des avalés. The French Review 79,3:561-569 Brozo, W. G., Walter, P. & Placker, T. (2002) "I know the difference between a real man and a TV man": a critical exploration of violence and masculinity through literature in a junior high school in the 'hood, J Adolescent & Adult Literacy 45,6:530-8 Brozo, William G. (1997) Schmelzer, Ronald V.: "Wildmen, warriors, and lovers: reaching boys through archetypal literature. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 41,1:4-11 Bruhn, J. G. & Murray, J. L. (1985) “Playing the dozens”: Its history and psychological significance, Psychol Report 56,2:483-494 Bryan, Emily Drugge (2005a) In the company of boys: The place of the boy actor in early modern English culture. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University Bryan, Emily Drugge (2005b) Boy Actors and Infidel Children: Taken by the English. Seminar: Liminal Subjects: Children and Early Modern Drama, Shakespeare Association of America conference, Bermuda Bryant, A. A. (1907) Boyhood and Youth in the Days of Aristophanes, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 18:73-122 Bryant, Karl (2006) Making Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood: Historical Lessons for Contemporary Debates. Sexuality Research and Social Policy: Journal of NSRC 3,3:23-39 Bryk, F. (1931) Die Beschneidung bei Mann und Weib. New Brandenburg: Gustav Feller. English translation by David Berger, MA (1934) Circumcision in Man and Woman. New York: American Ethnological Press, and AMS Press (1974) Buchanan, Brad (2002) "An anthropomorphic insolence of short duration": Oedipus, Masculinity, and the Death of "Man" in the Work of Samuel Beckett, Men & Masculinities 4:357-367 Bucholtz, Mary (1999) You da man: Narrating the racial other in the production of white masculinity. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3/4:1443-460 Buckingham, David (1993) Boys' talk: Television and the policing of masculinity, in Buckingham, David (Ed.) Reading Audiences: Young people and the media. Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press Buckland, C. T. (1889:Nov.-1890:Apr.) Eton Fifty Years Ago, Macmillan's Magazine 61:59 et seq. Buehler, Ch. (1925) Zwei Knabentagebücher. Jena: Fischer Buffington, Cynthia Davis (1981) Dr. Arnold's Public School Ideal: Victorian Muse and Motif. PhD Dissertation, University of Virginia Bühler, Charlotte Malachowski (1925) Zwei Knabentagebücher. Jena: Verlag Gustav Fischer Bull, Graham E. (1997) A Re-interpretation of a Male Initiation Ritual: Back to Freud via Lacan, Journal of European Psychoanalysis - Number 3-4 - Spring 1996-Winter Bullough, V. & Bullough, B. (1979) Homosexuality in Nineteenth Century English Public Schools, Int Rev Modern Sociol 9,2:261-269 Bullough, V. & Bullough, B. (Sept, 1978) Nineteenth Century English Homosexual Teachers: The Up Front and Back Stage Performance. Paper presented at Seventy-Third Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association (San Francisco, California, September 4-8, 1978) Bullough, V. L. (1980) Homosexuality in nineteenth century English public schools. In J. Harry & M. Sing Das (Eds.) Homosexuality in International Perspective. New Delhi: Vikas Pub House, pp. 123-131 Bunche, Ralph J. (1941) The Irua Ceremony Among the Kikuyu of Kiambu District, Kenya. Journal of Negro History 26,1:46-65 Burde, Edgar (1991) Slavery and the Boys: Tom Sawyer and the Germ of Huck Finn. American Literary Realism 24,1:86-91 Burgess, I., Edwards, A. & Skinner, J. (2003) Football Culture in an Australian School Setting: The Construction of Masculine Identity, Sport, Education & Society 8,2:199-212 Burke, Garry J. (1996) Good for the boy and the nation: Military drill and the cadet movement in Ontario public schools, 1865—1911. EdD Thesis, University of Toronto (Canada) Burke, Kathleen M. (1998) Take it like a man: The silencing of men's experiences of sexual abuse during childhood. PhD Dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada) Burman, E. (1995) "What is it?" Masculinity and femininity in cultural representations of childhood, in Wilkinson, S. & Kitzinger, C. (Eds.) Feminism and Discourse: Psychological Perspectives. London: Sage, pp. 49-67 Burman, Erica (2005) Childhood, Neo-Liberalism and the Feminization of Education, Gender & Education 17,4:351-367 Burn, Elizabeth & Pratt, Simon (2000) Every Good Boy Deserves Football. British Educational Research Association (BERA) Annual Conference 2000 Burns, Sarah (1988) Barefoot boys and other country children: sentiment and ideology in nineteenth-century American art. American Art Journal 20(1): 24-50 Burrill, Derek A. (2002) "Oh, Grow Up 007": The Performance of Bond and Boyhood in Film and Videogames. In King, Geoff (Ed.) ScreenPlay: Cinema/Videogames/Interfaces, London, Wallflower, pp. 181-193 Burrill, Derek Alexander (2001) 21st century digital boy: Masculinities, performance, interactive games and the digital imaginary. Phd Dissertation, University of California, Davis Burrows, D. (2003) From Boys to Men: Formations of Masculinity in Late Medieval Europe. French Studies, 57,4:525-526 Bush, L. V. (1998) Manhood, masculinity, and black men: Toward an understanding of how black mothers raise their sons to become men. Dissertation, The Claremont Graduate University Butterworth, David (2003) Learning Yolngu manhood: the process of enskilment in an Aboriginal Australian initiation ritual. School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies, Research Paper No. 11 Butts, Dennis (2002) The birth of the boys' story and the transition from the Robinsonades to the adventure story. Revue de littérature comparée 76,4:445-54 Butts, Tracy Renee (1970) Boys in the mother 'hood: literary representations of black mother-son relationships in the works of Ernest J. Gaines and Toni Morrison. PhD Thesis, University of Georgia Butts, W. M. (1947) Boy Prostitutes of the Metropolis. Journal of Clinical Psychopathology 8:673-681 Byers, Kenneth Fred (1993) Rights of transition: A study of extended adolescence, the role of traditional masculine growth rituals, and initiation into manhood in the contemporary masculine life experience. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Union Institute Byrnes, Asher (1948) Boy-Men and Man-Boys. Yale Review, Dec., XXXVIII:223-33 Cabantous, Alain (1985) Les mousses, une vie de chien! [Cabin boys: a dog's life]. Historama [France] (13): 58-63 Cabantous, Alain (1993) Apprendre la mer: remarques sur l'apprentissage des mousses a l'epoque moderne [To learn the sea: remarks on the apprenticeship of cabin boys in the modern period]. Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine [France] 40(3): 415-422 Caduff, Gian (1929) Die Knabenschaften Graubündens. Eine volkskundlich-kulturhistorische Studie. Dissertation, Bern / Chur, Kommissions-Verlag F. Schuler Caduff, Gian (1929) Die Knabenschaften Graubündens. Eine volkskundlich-kulturhistorische Studie, Diss. Bern, Chur. Cafri, Guy; van den Berg, Patricia & Thompson, J. Kevin (2006) Pursuit of Muscularity in Adolescent Boys: Relations Among Biopsychosocial Variables and Clinical Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 35,2:283-291 Calderone, M. (1983) Fetal erection and its message to us, SIECUS Report 11,5-6:9-10 Calmann-Lévy (1989) Never Neverland. L'île de l'éternelle enfance. Perspect Psychiat 28,20/V:336-40 Calon, P. J. A. (1955) De Jongen. De psychologie van de jongen van de laatste schooljaren tot aan de volwassen leeftijd. Haarlem: De Toorts. 3rd ed. [Dutch] Cameron, D. (1997) Performing gender identity: Young men’s talk and the construction of heterosexual masculinity. In Johnson, S. & Hanna Meinhof, U. (Eds.) Language and Masculinity. Oxford: UK, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. pp. 8-26 Campbell, J. (1949) The hero with a thousand faces. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Canada, Geoffrey (1998) Reaching Up for Manhood: Transforming the Lives of Boys in America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press Capey, A.C. (1974) Treasure Island and the Young Reader. Use of English 25:228-238 Caplan, A. P. (1976) Boys' circumcision and girls' puberty rites among the Swahili of Mafia Island, Tanzania, Africa 46:21-33 Cardullo, Bert (1989) Boy's life. Hudson Review 42,2:290-297 Carlsmith, Christopher (2002) Troublesome Teens: Approaches to Educating and Disciplining Youth in Early Modern Italy, in Eisenbichler, Konrad (Ed.) The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society 1150-1650. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies Carp, T. C. (1980) Puer senex in Roman and medieval thought. Latomus XXXIX:736-739 Carr, Steven Alan (2005) L.I.E., The Believer, and the Sexuality of Jewish Boys, in Pomerance, Murray & Gateward, Frances (Eds.) Where The Boys Are: Cinemas Of Masculinity And Youth (Contemporary Approaches to Film and Television). Detroit MI: Wayne State University Press Carrington, Victoria; Martin Mills & Kathy Roulston (1999) A feel for the Game: Strategic deployments of masculinity. 1999 AARE Conference Carroll, Bret E. & Richardson, Annette (2003) Boyhood, in Carroll, Bret E. (Ed.) American Masculinities. A Historical Encyclopedia. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 65-68 Carroll, Michael P. (1987) 'The Castrated Boy': Another Contribution to the Psychoanalytic Study of Urban Legends. Folklore 98,2:216-225 Carstens, P. (1982) The Socio-Economic Context of Initiation Ceremonies among Two Southern African Peoples. Canadian Journal of African Studies 16,3:505-522 Carter, C. (2002) Schools Ethos and the Construction of Masculine Identity: Do Schools Create, Condone and Sustain Aggression? Educational Review 54,1:27-36 Caruso, G. (1957) Anxiety related to the “discovery” of the penis: An observation, Psychoanal Study Child 12:169-174 Caskey, N. (1989) Maiden and Puer: Women Writers and the Animus. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. Dai-A 51/05(1990):1806 Chaimberlain, A. F. (1896) The Child and Childhood in Folk-Thought. New York [etc.]: Macmillan Chakanza, Joseph Chaphadzika (Ed.) (2005) Initiation rites for boys in Lomwe society in Malawi and other essays. Zomba: Kachere Series (Sources for the study of religion in Malawi, 23) Chalmers, F. G. (2001) Art education in a manly environment: educating the sons of the establishment in a 19th century boys' school. Studies in Art Education 42,2:113-130 Chalmers, F. Graeme & Dancer. Andrea A. (2007) Art, Boys, and the Boy Scout Movement: Lord Baden-Powell. Studies in Art Education 48,3:265-81 Chamberlain, Ava (2002) Bad books and bad boys: The transformation of gender in eighteenth-century Northampton, Massachusetts, New England Quarterly 75,2:179-203 Chambers, Deborah, Tincknell, Estella & Van Loon, Joost (2004) Peer regulation of teenage sexual identities, Gender & Education 16,3:397-415 Chan, Jachinson (2001) Chinese American Masculinities: From Fu Manchu to Bruce Lee. New York: Routledge [ch.6, From Boyhood to Manhood] Chan, Jachinson. (2001) Chinese American Masculinities: From Fu Manchu to Bruce Lee. New York: Routledge [chapter '6. From Boyhood to Manhood'] Chandler, Timothy John Lindsay (1984) Origins of Athleticism Games in the English Public Schools, 1800 - 1880. Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University Chandler, Timothy John Lindsay (1988) Emergent athleticism: games in two English public schools, 1800-1860. International Journal of the History of Sport [Great Britain] 5(3): 312-330 Chandos, John (1984) Boys Together: English Public Schools, 1800-1864. New Haven: Yale University Press Charles, Brigitte (2004) Boys’ and girls’ constructions of gender through musical composition in the primary school, British Journal of Music Education 21,3:265-277 Chase, Sarah Alexander (2004) The gender of excellence: The pursuit of masculinity and femininity at a New England preparatory school. Ph.D. Dissertation, Brown University Chassagnol, Monique (2002) Masks and Masculinity in James Barrie’s Peter Pan. In Stephens, John (Ed.) Ways of Being Male: Representing Masculinities in Children’s Literature and Film. New York & London: Routledge Chess, Simone (2007) Men in Drag, or Boys in Dresses? Boyhood, Masculinity, and the Male to Female Crossdresser. 53th Annual Meeting of the RSA, Miami, FL, 22-24 March 2007 Chevannes, B. (2001) Learning to Be a Man. Kingston, Jamaica: UWI Press Chiarella, Tom (2006) "The Problem with Boys," Esquire Magazine, 146,1:94-99, 137-138 Chick, Garry & John W. Loy (1998) Making men of them: male socialization for warfare, combative sports, and sexual aggressiveness. Society for Cross-Cultural Research 1998 Meeting Chick, Garry & Loy, John W. (2001) Making Men of Them: Male Socialization for Warfare and Combative Sports, World Cultures 12(1): 2-17 Childs, Michael J. (1990) Boy labour in late Victorian and Edwardian England and the remaking of the working class. Journal of Social History 23(4): 783-802 Chowdhury, A. (2005) The Cultural Construct of Troubles with Boys in India. Childhoods 2005 International Conference, University of Oslo, June 29-July 3, 2005 Chowers, E. (2000) Narrating the modern’s subjection: Freud’s theory of the Oedipal complex, Hist Human Sciences 13,3:23-45 Chu, Judy (2004) Exploring Adolescent Boys' Identity Development. Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA) Biennial Meeting 2004 Chu, Judy (2006) Exploring How Adolescent Boys Perceive Their Male Peer Group Culture to Influence Their Friendship Experiences. SRA (Society for Research on Adolescence) Biennial Meeting, Thursday, March 23-26, 2006, San Francisco, California Chu, Judy Yi-Chung (2000) Learning what boys know: An observational and interview study with six four-year-old boys. Ed.D., Harvard University Chukwu, Augustine (1997-1998) Mad-Men and Sane Boys: The Old and the New in George Lamming's Of Age and Innocence. Commonwealth Novel in English 7-8:148-68 Clamp, Peter G. (1984) Climbing boys, childhood, and society in nineteenth-century England. Journal of Psychohistory 12(2): 193-210 Clandfield, Peter; Lloyd, Christian (2005) The 'Wee Men' of Glasgow Grow Up: Boyhood and Urban Space in Small Faces. pp. 183-202. In Pomerance, Murray & Gateward, Frances (Eds.). Where the Boys Are: Cinemas of Masculinity and Youth. Detroit, MI: Wayne State UP Clark, Beverly Lyon (1995) Domesticating the School Story, Regendering a Genre: Alcott's Little Men. New Literary History 26,2:323-342 Clawson, M. A. (1999). Masculinity and skill acquisition in the adolescent rock band. Popular Music, 18 (1), 99-114 Claxon, William N. Jr. (2006) Boys to men: Coming-of-age stories in southern literature. 14th Annual Conference on Men and Masculinities, April 7-9, 2006, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan Clement, Priscilla Ferguson & Reinier, Jacqueline S. (Eds.) (2001) Boyhood in America: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO Clowes, Erika K. (1996) Oedipal Themes in Latency: Analysis of the 'Farmer's Daughter' Joke. pp. 436-54.. Solnit, Albert J. (Ed. and introd.). The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 51. New Haven, CT: Yale UP Coates, Susan & Person, Ethel (1986) Extreme boyhood femininity: Isolated behavior or pervasive disorder? Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development. , 197-213. Coates, Susan & Person, Ethel Spector (1987) Extreme boyhood femininity: Isolated behavior or pervasive disorder? In Chess, Stella & Thomas, Alexander (Eds) Annual progress in child psychiatry and child development, 1986. (pp. 197-213). Philadelphia, PA, US: Brunner/Mazel, Inc. Coates, Susan & Tuber, Steven B (1988) The representation of object relations in the Rorschachs of extremely feminine boys. In Lerner, Howard D. & Lerner, Paul M. (Eds). Primitive mental states and the Rorschach. (pp. 647-664). Madison, CT, US: International Universities Press, Inc. Coates, Susan (1987) Extreme femininity in boys. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 21,8:104-110 Coates, Susan (1990) Ontogenesis of boyhood gender identity disorder, Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry 18,3:414-438 Coates, Susan, Friedman, Richard C. & Wolfe, Sabrina (1991) The etiology of boyhood gender identity disorder: A model for integrating temperament, development, and psychodynamics. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 1,4:481-523 Cocks, Neil (2002) Hunting the Animal Boy, Yearbook of English Studies 32:177-185 Cohan, Mark David (2002) Straight talk: Discourse, narrative, and the construction of male adolescent heterosexuality. PhD Dissertation, University of Florida Cohan, Steven (1997) Masked Men. Bloomington: Indiana University Press [ch. ‘Why Boys are Not Men’, pp. 200-263] Cohen, Albert K. (1955) Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. Free Press Cohen, David Steven & Eilertsen, John (1985) Folklore and folklife in a juvenile corrections institution. Western Folklore 44(1): 1-22 Cohen, E. (1999) From Solitary Vice to Split Mind: Psychiatric Discourses of Male Sexuality and Coming of Age, 1918-1938, Australian Hist Studies 30,112:79-95 Cohen, Jeffrey J. (2005) Puerulus. Youth & Age, International Medieval Congress, 11-14 July 2005 COHN, JAN, (1987) The Business Ethic for Boys: "The Saturday Evening Post" and the Post Boys, Business History Review 61,2:185-215 Cohoon, Lorinda B. (2003) Boyhood. In Paula S. Fass (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society. New York: MacMillan. Vol. I, pp. 107-110 Cohoon, Lorinda B. (2004) Necessary Badness: Reconstructing Post-Bellum Boyhood Citizenships in Our Young Folks and The Story Of A Bad Boy, Children's Literature Association Quarterly 29,½:5 et seq. Cohoon, Lorinda B. (2006) Serialized Citizenships: Periodicals, Books, and American Boys, 1840-1911. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Cohoon, Lorinda Beth (2001) Serializing boyhoods: Periodicals, books, and American boys, 1840—1911. PhD Dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi Cohoon, Lorinda Beth (2001b) Jacob Abbott's Jonas books and the construction of an 1840s middle-class boyhood. Dime Novel Roundup 70,2:43-56 Cohoon, Lorinda Beth (2002) Jacob Abbott's 'Jonas' Books and the Construction of an 1840s Middle-Class American Boyhood. 2000 Popular Culture Conference, New Orleans, LA. Colapinto, J. (2000) As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl. New York: HarperCollins Cole, B. (2005) Mixed-up Boys or Mixed-up Messages? Boys reflections on policies, practices, masculinities and education. Childhoods 2005 International Conference, University of Oslo, June 29-July 3, 2005 Cole, S. (1984) The Social Function of Rituals of Maturation: the Koureion and the Arkteia, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie & Epigraphik 55:233-244 Cole, Virginia (2002) Ritual, Religion and the Royal Teenager: The Case of Edward II of England, in Eisenbichler, Konrad (Ed.) The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society 1150-1650. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies Coleman, Andrea; Mary Ehrenworth, and Nancy Lesko (2004) Scout's Honor: Duty, Citizenship, and the Homoerotic in the Boy Scouts of America, in Mary Rasmussen, Eric Rofes, Susan Talburt (Eds.) Youth and Sexualities: Pleasure, Subversion, and Insubordination In and Out of Schools. Palgrave Macmillan, p. 153 et seq. Collier, R. (2000) ‘Rat Boys’ and ‘little angels’: Corporeality, male youth and the bodies of (dis) order, in Faulks, K. (Ed.) Citizenship. Florence, KY, USA: Routledge, pp. 21-35 Collier, R. (2001). ‘Rat boys’ and ‘little angels’: Corporeality, male youth and the bodies of (dis)order, in R. Holliday & J. Hassard (Eds.) Contested Bodies (pp. 21-35). New York: Routledge Conforti, Rosemarie J. (2006) Little Big Men: Boys, Advertising, and the Crisis of Masculinity. PCA/ACA 2006 National Conference, Atlanta, Georgia Connell, R. W. (1989) Cool guys, swots and wimps: The interplay of masculinity and education. Oxford Review of Education 15:291–303 Connell, R. W. (1996) Teaching the boys: New research on masculinity and gender strategies for schools, Teachers College Record 98,2:206-35 Connell, R. W. (2000) The Men and the Boys. Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, NSW Connolly, P. (2006a) The Masculine Habitus as 'Distributed Cognition': A Case Study of 5- to 6-Year-Old Boys in an English Inner-City, Multi-Ethnic Primary School, Children & Society 20,2:140-152 Connolly, P. (2006b) Young boys, masculinities and schooling, Sociology Review 15,3:2-5 Connolly, P.J. (2005) (Dis)embodied schooling: social class, masculinity and the schooling identities of young boys. BERA (British Educational Research Association) Annual Conference, University of Glamorgan, Treforest, Pontypridd 14-17 September 2005 Connolly, Paul (1994) All Lads Together?: Racism, Masculinity and Multicultural/Anti-Racist Strategies in a Primary School, International Studies in Sociology of Education 4,2:191-211 Connolly, Paul (1995) Racism, Masculine Peer-Group Relations and the Schooling of African/Caribbean Infant Boys, British Journal of Sociology of Education 16,1:75-92 Connolly, Paul (1998) Racism, Gender Identities and Young Children. Routledge (UK) Connolly, Paul (2006) Constructing and Deconstructing Masculinity in the Early Years: Mediations of Social Class, ‘Race’ and Ethnicity. Paper presented to American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, April 7-11, 2006 Consalvo, M. (2003) The Monsters Next Door: Media Constructions of Boys and Masculinity. Feminist Media Studies 3,1:27-45 Cooley, Thomas (1976) The Wilderness Within: Howells's A Boy's Town, American Literature 47,4:583-598 Cope, Jackson I.(1974) Marlowe's Dido and the Titillating Children, ELR 4,3:315-25 Corbett, Ken (1996) Homosexual boyhood: Notes on girlyboys. Gender & Psychoanalysis 1: 429-462. Reprinted in M. Rottnek (Ed.) (1999) Sissies and tomboys: Gender nonconformity and homosexual childhood (pp. 107-139). New York, NY: New York University Press Corbett, Ken (1998) Cross-gendered identifications and homosexual boyhood: Toward a more complex theory of gender, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 68,3:352-360 Corbett, Ken (2001) Faggot = Loser. Studies in Gender & Sexuality 2,1:3-28. Reprinted in Moss, Donald (Ed.) (2003) Hating in the First Person Plural: Psychoanalytic Essays on Racism, Homophobia, Misogyny, and Terror. Other Press, pp. 117-144 Cordery, Gareth (1985) “Tom Brown's Schooldays" and Foreskin's Lament: The Alpha and Omega of Rugby Football, Journal of Popular Culture 19,2:97 Corrigan, Philip (1988) The Making of the Boy: Meditations on What Grammar School Did With, To, and For My Body. Journal of Education 170,3:142-161 Cory, Hans (1962) The Sambaa initiation rites for boys. Tanganyika notes & records 58/59:2-7 Cossins, A. (2000) Masculinities, Sexualities and Child Sexual Abuse, in Mair, G. & Tarling, R. (Eds.) The British Criminology Conference: Selected Proceedings. Volume 3. Papers from the British Society of Criminology Conference, Liverpool, July 1999 Costello, Lauren & Duncan, Duane (2006) The ‘Evidence’ of sex, the ‘Truth’ of gender: Shaping children's bodies. Children's Geographies 4,2:157-172 Coulthard, Darryl (2003) Practising gender: the production of identity by school children. Thesis (Ph.D.), Deakin University, Victoria Court, Krista (2002) Why Are Boys Opting Out?: A Study of Situated Masculinities and Foreign Language Learning. CRILE Working Papers series No. 57 Cox, G. (1995) De virginibus puerisque: the function of the human foreskin from an evolutionary perspective, Med Hypoth 45:617-621 Cracco, A. et al. (1989) [Psychological study of adults surgically treated in childhood for hypospadias], Pediatria Medica & Chirurgica 11,4:447-450 Crane, D. L. (Ed.) (1999) Letters Between a Victorian Schoolboy and His Family, 1892-1895. Durham: Wrangham Crapanzano, Vincent (1981) Rite of Return: Circumcision in Morocco. In Werner Muensterberger & L. Bryce Boyer (Eds.) The Psychoanalytic Study of Society 9. New York: Psychohistory Press, pp. 15-36 Creekmur, Corey (2003) From Angry Young Man to Happy Old Boy: Projecting the Male Child in Hindi Cinema. 32nd Annual Conference on South Asia, October 24-26 2003, Center for South Asia, International Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison Creekmur, Corey K. (2005) Bombay Boys: Dissolving the Male Child in Popular Hindi Cinema. In Pomerance, Murray & Gateward, Frances (Eds.) Where the Boys Are: Cinemas of Masculinity and Youth. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, pp. 350-76 Crilly, Shane (2004) ‘Gods in our own world’: representations of troubled and troubling masculinities in some Australian films, 1991-2001. Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Adelaide Crocker, William H. (1982) Canela Initiation Festivals: 'Helping Hands' through Life. In Celebration: Studies in Festivity and Ritual, pp. 147-158. Ed. Victor Turner. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press Croghan, J. G. (2001) Mirrors of manhood: The formation of gay identity. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 62(1-B), 574 Cromberg, Hans Ekhardt (1970) Die Knabenschaftsstatuten der Schweiz: Spiegelbild von Sitte, Brauchtum und Recht. Winterthur: Schellenberg Crosse-Upcott, A. R. W. (1959) Male Circumcision among the Ngindo. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 89,2:169-189 Crotty, M. (1997) 'Loyal Scions of the British Race': Sport and the Construction of the Australian Public Schoolboy, 1850-c. 1920. In M. Crotty & D. Scobie (Eds.) Raiding Clio's Closet: Postgraduate Presentations in History. Department of History, University of Melbourne, pp. 45-60 Crotty, M. (1998) Making English Gentlemen from Australian Boys?: The Manly Ideal in Two Elite Victorian Secondary Schools, 1870-1920, Australian Studies 13,1:44-67 Crotty, M. (1999) The Woman in the Boy: Mothers and their Public Schoolboy Sons in Australian Juvenile Literature, 1875-1920, Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies 4,1:3-17 Crotty, M. (2000) Manly and Moral: The Making of Middle-Class Men in the Australian Public Schools, International Journal of the History of Sport 17,2/3:11-30 Crotty, M. (2000b) 'We are the Men of Tomorrow': Boy Rescue Movements and the Australian Citizen 1870-1920. In Martin Crotty, John Germov & Grant Rodwell (Eds.) A Race for a Place: Eugenics, Darwinism and Social Thought and Practice in Australia. Proceedings of the 2000 History and Sociology of Eugenics Conference, University of Newcastle, 28-29 April 2000. Newcastle: Newcastle University, pp. 229-234 Crotty, M. (2001) Frontier Fantasies: Boys' Adventure Stories and the Construction of Masculinity in Australia, 1870-1920, Journal of Colonial History 3,1:55-76 Crotty, M. (2003) Australian Public Schoolboy Sporting Violence and the Making of the Man, 1850-1914, International Journal of the History of Sport 20,3;1-16 Crowley, J. (1987) Polymorphously perverse? Childhood sexuality in the American boy book, Am Literary Realism (1870-1910) 19,2:2-15 Crowley, John W. (1985) Little Women and the Boy-book. The New England Quarterly 58,3: 384-99 Crowther, Nigel B. (1988) The age-category of boys at Olympia. The Phoenix XLII:304-308 Crozier, Patience W. (2001) Forcing Boys To Be Boys: The Persecution of Gender Non-Conforming Youth, Boston College Third World Law Journal 21,1:123-144 Cullum, P. H. (2004) Boy/Man into Clerk/Priest: The Making of the Late Medieval Clergy. Interdisciplinary conference on the fourteenth century (2nd Jul 2001 : York). Woodbridge; York Medieval Press, pp. 51-66 Culp, Robert (2000) Zhongguo tongzijun: nanjing shinian tongzijun shouce zhong de gongmin xunlianxue shehui yishi [Scouting for Chinese boys: civic training and social consciousness in Nanjing decade Boy Scout handbooks]. Xin Shixue [Taiwan] 11(4): 17-63 Cunningham, Ken (2004) True Confessions of an Eight-Year-Old Warrior, Qualitative Inquiry, Oct; 10,5: 706-714 Curtin, A. & Linehan, D. (2002) Where the boys are - teenagers, masculinity and a sense of place, Irish Geogr 35,1:63-74 Curtis Dahl (1972) Mark Twain and Ben Ely: Two Missouri Boyhoods. Missouri Historical Review 66 (July):549-566 Curtis, Anthony Patrick (2005) Warriors of the skyline: A gendered study of Mohawk warrior culture. M.A. Thesis, Marshall University Curzan, Anne (2003) Gender Shifts in the History of English. Cambridge University Press [boy, pp. 141, 142-146, 152-153] Cytryn, L., Cytryn, E. & Rieger, R.E. (1967) Psychological implications of cryptorchism, J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 6,1:131-165 Daher, Douglas (1981) The loss and search for the puer: A consideration of inferiority feelings in certain male adolescents, Adolescence 16,61:145-158 Daher, Douglas M. (1981) The senex dominated youth: Issues and problems of the adolescent grown too old, too good, too soon. Journal of Adolescence 4,4:295-306 Dahlbäck, Elisabeth, Ndubani, Phillimon, Yamba, et al. (2003) “I Am Happy that God Made Me a Boy”: Zambian Adolescent Boys' Perceptions about Growing into Manhood. African Journal of Reproductive Health 7,1:49-62 Dalby, Lacey A. (2005) Going to Camp: Straight Boys in New Territory. PCA/ACA National Conference, San Diego, March 23-26 Dalley-Trim, Leanne (2007) ‘The boys’ present... Hegemonic masculinity: a performance of multiple acts. Gender & Education 19,2:199-217 Danby, Susan & Baker, Carolyn (1998) How To Be Masculine in the Block Area. Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, 5,2:151-175 Danby, Susan (1998) Interaction and social order in a preschool classroom. Unpublished PhD thesis. The University of Queensland Daniels, K. (1998) Boys to men: recent poetry in review [review article]. The Southern Review (Baton Rouge, La.) 34,4:736-754 Darby, Robert J. L. (2003a) The masturbation taboo and the rise of routine male circumcision: A review of the historiography. Journal of Social History 36,3:737-757 Darby, Robert J. L. (2003b) “An Oblique and Slovenly Initiation”: The Circumcision Episode in Tristram Shandy, Eighteenth-Century Life 27,1:7 2-84 Darby, Robert J. L. (2003c) Medical history and medical practice: persistent myths about the foreskin, eMJA [Medical Journal of Australia] 178,4:178-179 Darby, Robert J. L. (2005) A Surgical Temptation: The Demonization of the Foreskin and the Rise of Circumcision in Britain. University Of Chicago Press Davenport, William H. (1981) Male initiation in Aoriki: man and spirits in the eastern Solomon Islands. Expedition 23,2:4-19 Davidis, Maria M. (1996) The romance of empire: Gender and fantasies of youth in imperial narratives, 1890-1930. Phd Dissertation, Princeton University Davies, B. (1995) “What about the boys?” The parable of the boy and the rabbit. Interpretations 28,2:1–17 Davies, Bronwyn (1989) Frogs and snails and feminist tales: preschool children and gender. Sydney, Allen & Unwin Davies, Bronwyn (1997) Critical literacy in practice: language lessons for and about boys. Interpretations. Special Edition: Critical Literacies Vol 2 30,2:36-57. Reprinted (1998) Opinion 27,2:12-22. Reprinted (1998) ACTivATE. The Journal of the ACT Association for the Teaching of English 13,1:2-18 Davies, Bronwyn (2003) Gender in Japanese preschools: Frogs and snails and feminist tales in Japan. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press Davies, W. Robertson (1939) Shakespeare's Boy Actors. London: Dent. Repr., 1964 Davis, Carol Corrine (1989) "In the lovely garnish of a boy": Individuation and development of Shakespeare's cross-dressing heroines. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley Davis, James Earl (1999) Forbidden Fruit: Black Males' Constructions of Transgressive Sexualities in Middle School, in William J., IV Letts & James T. Sears (Eds.) Queering Elementary Education. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Davis, James Earl. (2001) Black boys at school: Negotiating masculinities and race. pp. 169-182, in Majors, Richard (Ed.) Educating our Black children: New directions and radical approaches; London & New York: Routledge/Falmer Davis, Reid (2001) What Woz: Lost objects, repeat viewings, and the sissy warrior. Film Quarterly 5,52:2-13 Davis, Reid (in prep.) Wrists and Fists: Queer Childhood, Performative Gestures and the Sissy Warrior. Thesis in preparation Davison, K. G. & B. Frank (Eds.) (2001) Masculinities, Sexualities and Schooling. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Fernwood Davison, K. G. (2000a) Boys’ Bodies in School: Physical Education, J Men’s Studies 8,2:255-266 Davison, K. G. (2000b) Masculinities, sexualities and the student body: "Sorting" gender identities in school, in James, C. (Ed.) Experiencing Difference. Halifax: Fernwood, pp. 44-52 Davison, K. G. (2003) Body Talk and Masculinities: Texting Gender With/out the Body. School of Education, University of South Australia, SA Davison, K. G. (2004) Texting Gender and Body as a Distant/ced Memory: An Autobiographical Account of Bodies, Masculinities, and Schooling. JCT 20,3:129-149 Davison, K. G. (2005) Hegemonic Masculinity as Pathology and Inequitable Pedagogy. Childhoods 2005 International Conference, University of Oslo, June 29-July 3, 2005 Davison, Kevin Graham (1996) Manly expectations: Memories of masculinities in school. MA Thesis, Simon Fraser University (Canada) Daw, S. F. (1970) Age of Boy’s Puberty in Leipzig, 1727-49, as Indicated by Voice Breaking in J. S. Bach’s Choir Members, Human Biol 42,1:87-90 Dawes, F. (1975) A Cry from the Streets. The Boys' Club movement in Britain from the 1850s to the present day. Hove: Wayland Dawson, Graham (1994) Soldier Heroes. Routledge (UK) Dawson, Graham (1996) Stars of Empire: Victorian Soldier Heroes and Boyhood Masculinities, Journal for the Study of British Cultures 3,2:117-131 de Jong, Ferdinand Wilhelmus Petrus (1997) The production of translocality : initiation in the sacred grove in South Senegal, Focaal 30/31:61-83 Dean, C. (2000) Boys and Girls and ‘Boys’: Popular depictions of African American children and childlike adults in the United States, 1850-1930. Journal of American Culture 23,3:17-35 Decter, M. (1998) What are little boys made of?. Commentary 106,6:27-33 Dedman, Martin (1993) Baden-Powell, Militarism, and the "Invisible Contributors" to the Boy Scout Scheme, 1904-1920. Twentieth Century British History 4,3:201-223 Delaney, Jamie L. (2005) Boys Beginning School: Behavior and Performance. PhD Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh Delgado, L. Anne (2005) 'By an Old Boy': Making Men in Tom Brown's Schooldays. 'Infantuation: Childhood, Youth & Nineteenth-Century Culture', 26th Annual Conference, Nineteenth Century Studies Association (NCSA), Augusta, Georgia & Aiken, South Carolina, March 10-12, 2005 DeMolen, Richard L. (1975) Pueri Christi Imitatio: The Festival of the Boy-Bishop in Tudor England. Moreana [France] (45):17-28 Denness, Brian (2005) Tattooing and Piercing: Initiation Rites and Masculine Development. British Journal of Psychotherapy 22,1:21-36 Dennis, J. P. (2002) The sexualization of boyhood, in D. Th. Cook (Ed.) Symbolic Childhood (pp. 211-226). New York: Peter Lang Dennis, J. P. (2005) Love Laughs at Andy Hardy: The Rise of the Heterosexual Male Teenager, Genders OnLine 41 Dennis, J. P. (due out 2006) Queering Teen Culture: All-American Boys and Same-Sex Desire in Film and Television. Haworth Press Desa, A. (1994) The Study of Maturational Knowledge and Experiences in Adolescent Boys, Jurnal Pendidikan [Malaysia] 19:3-7 Desai, R. (2003) The Boy Brahms. 19th Century Music 27,2:132-136 Despres, Denise (2006) St William and the Boys. Medieval Children 1200-1500, Canterbury Centre for Medieval and Tudor Studies, 16th-18th June 2006 Devlin, Bernadette (1993) Lower down than males: the place of the feminine in a boys' school. Thesis (Ph.D.), Monash University DeVries, Kelly (2002) Teenagers at War during the Middle Ages, in Eisenbichler, Konrad (Ed.) The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society 1150-1650. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies Dewe, J. A. (1907) The American Boy: Impressions of an Englishman, The School Review 15,3:197-200 Diamond, M. (1997) Sexual identity and sexual orientation in children with traumatized or ambiguous genitalia, J Sex Res 34,2:199-211 Diamond, M. J. (2004) The shaping of masculinity: Revisioning boys turning away from their mothers to construct male gender identity. Int J Psychoanal. Apr;85(Pt 2):359-379 Diamond, Michael J. (1997) Boys to Men: The Maturing of Masculine Gender Identity through Paternal Watchful Protectiveness, Gender & Psychoanalysis 2,4:443-468 Dieckmann, Hans (1980) [Archetype of the puer aeternus in its relation to aggression]. Analytische Psychologie 11,2:118-132 Diensberg, B. (1981) The Etymology of Modern English BOY, Medium Ævum 50:79-87 Diensberg, Bernhard (1978) Zur Etymologie von ne. boy. Ein Neuansatz unter Berücksichtigung phonologischer, dialektologischer und semantischer Aspekte, Sprachwissenschaft 3:345-356 Diensberg, Bernhard (1985) The lexical fields boy/girl - servant - child in Middle English. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Société néophilologique de Helsinki / Bulletin of the Modern Language Society of Helsinki 86,3:328-336 Dietz, Klaus (1981) Die mittelenglisch oi in heimischen Ortsnamen und Personennamen: 2. Das Namenelement Boi(e) und die Etymologie von boy. Beiträge zur Namenforschung n.s.16,4:361-405 Digirolamo, Vincent (2002) Newsboy funerals: tales of sorrow and solidarity in urban America. Journal of social history 36,1:5-30 Digirolamo, Vincent (2005) Battle Cries: How Newsboys Won the Civil War. Children’s Worlds, Children in the World, Marquette University, August 4-7, 2005 Diqs, Isaak (1967) A Bedouin Boyhood. London: Allen & Unwin Dixon, C. (1997) Pete’s tool: Identity and sex-play in the design and technology classroom. Gender & Education 9:89–104 Dixon, Shanly & Simon, Bart (2005) Boyhood Spaces: Play and Social Navigation through Video Games. Digital Games Research Association’s 2nd International Conference Changing Views: Worlds in Play, June 16-20, 2005, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Dizer, John T. (1982) Tom Swift and Company: "Boys' Books" by Stratemeyer and Others. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland Dizer, John T. (1996) Boys' Life: Reconsidered.Dime Novel Roundup: A Magazine Devoted to the Collecting, Preservation and Study of Old-Time Dime and Nickel Novels, Popular Story Papers, Series Books, & Pulp Magazines 65,2[638]:39-49 Dobrenov, Richard (1995) What is the nature of bullying in a private boy's boarding school? Thesis (M.Ed.), Griffith University Dobrutsky, Jay Stephen (1994) Too much in the son: 'Hamlet' and the nineteenth-century novel of male development. PhD Dissertation, University of Virginia Dobson, E. J. (1940) Boy, The etymology and meaning of, Medium Ævum 9,3:121-154 Dobson, E. J.(1943) Middle English and Middle Dutch boye, Medium aevum 12:71-76 Dolansky, Fanny Lyn (1999) Coming of age in Rome: The history and social significance of assuming the toga virilis. M.A. Thesis, University of Victoria (Canada) Dollard, J. (1930) The Dozens: The Dialect of Insult, Am Imago 1:3-24. Reprinted in Alan Dundes, A. (Ed.) (1981) Mother Wit from the Laughing Barrel. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, p277-94 Donald, Ralph (2005) From "Knockout Punch" to "Home Run:" Masculinity's "Dirty Dozen" Sports Metaphors in American Combat Films. Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies 35,1:20-28 Donovan, Ellen (2005) Domestic Fiction and Definitions of Masculinity. Performing Childhood: Children's Literature Association Annual Conference, June 9-12, 2005 | Winnipeg | Manitoba | Canada Donovan, Tommy (2005) From Boys to Men: Uncovering the Violent Traumas Inherent in Patriarchal Socialization. PCA/ACA National Conference, San Diego, March 23-26 Dötzer, Oliver (2003) "Diese Kriegsspiele, die es dann bei der Hitlerjugend gab, die waren zum Teil denn doch sehr grausam". Männlichkeit und Gewalterfahrung in Kindheiten bürgerlicher Jungen im Nationalsozialismus. Informationen zur Schleswig-Holsteinischen Zeitgeschichte 41/42:8-25 Dow, Gwyneth & Brand, Ian (1986) "Cruel Only To Be Kind"? Arthur's Point Puer. History of Education Review [Australia] 15,1:19-33 Downes, A. D. (2005) From Boys to Men: Colonial Education, Cricket and Masculinity in the Caribbean, 1870-c.1920, International Journal of the History of Sport 22,1:3-21 Downey, Greg (2000) Running somewhere between men and women: Gender and the construction of the telegraph messenger boy, in Gorenstein, Shirley (Ed.) Research in Science and Technology Studies: Gender and Work, vol. 12 of Knowledge and Society (Stamford, CT: JAI Press), 129-52 Drake, Jonathan (1966) 'Le vice' in Turkey. International Journal of Greek Love 1,2:13-27 Dranoff, Steven M. (1974) Masturbation and the male adolescent. Adolescence 9(34):169-176 Drew, D. & Drake, J. (1969) Boys for Sale. New York: Brown Book Co. Drexler, Peggy F. & Linden Gross (2005) Raising Boys Without Men: How Maverick Moms Are Creating the Next Generation of Exceptional Men. Rodale Droogers, André (1974) De gevaarlijke reis, Jongensinitiatie bij de Wagenia Kisangani (Zaïre). Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Droogers, André (1975) Jongensinitiatie bij de Wagenia van Kisangani (Zaïre). Intermediair 26:11-17,37 [Dutch] Droogers, André (1977) Éducation et initiation, l'exemple des Wagenia de Kisangani (Zaïre). Études Zaïroises 1,2:143-153 Droogers, André (1980a) The dangerous journey. Symbolic aspects of boys initiation among the Wagenia of Kisangani, Zaire. New York: Mouton Droogers, André (1980b) Symbols of marginality in the biographies of religious and secular innovators: Jesus, Waldes, Booth, Kimbangu, Buddha, Mohammed and Marx. Numen 27:105-121 Droogers, André (2004) Enjoying an emerging alternative world : ritual in its own ludic right, Social analysis 48,2:138-154 Drotner, Kirsten (1977) "Drenge magasiner --- magasin drenge. Masseliteratur for drenge i 19. aarhundredes England [Boys' magazines; magazine boys. Popular literature for boys in nineteenth-century England]. Grenå, Denmark: GMT Drummond M. (2001a) Boys’ bodies in the context of sport and physical activity: Implications for health. Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 34,1:53-64 Drummond M. (2001b) Boys' Bodies in the context of Sport and Physical Activity. Invited Presentation at The South Australian ACHPER Conference 2001 Drummond, Murray (2007) The Meaning of Difference: Young Gay Males’ Experiences at School. Thymos 1,1 Drummond, Murray J. N. (2003) The Meaning of Boys’ Bodies in Physical Education. Journal of Men's Studies 11,2:131-143 du Plessis, Irma ([2002]) The Body in Fiction: Afrikaner Nationalism and Popular Children’s Literature in the 1940s. On The Subject of Sex & The Body Seminar Series Dube, L.; Kamvura, L.; Boudillon, MFC (1996) Working with street boys in Harare. Africa Insight [Pretoria] 26,3:260-267 Ducat, Stephen J. (2004) The Wimp Factor: Gender Gaps, Holy Wars, and the Politics of Anxious Masculinity. Beacon Press [Chapter 1: From Mama's Boy to He-Man, Developmental and Cultural Paths to Anxious Masculinity] Dunae, Patrick (1976) Boy's Own Paper: Origins and Editorial Policies. Private Library (Ser2/Vol.9) 123-158 Dunae, Patrick (1980) Boys' Literature and the Idea of Empire, 1870-1914. Victorian Studies 24:105-21 Dunae, Patrick A. (1977) Boys' Literature and the Idea of Race: 1870-1900. Wascana Review 12:84-107 Dunae, Patrick A. (1979a) "Making good": the Canadian west in British boys' literature, 1890-1914. Prairie Forum [Canada] 4,2:165-181 Dunae, Patrick A. (1979b) Penny dreadfuls: late nineteenth century boys' literature and crime. Victorian Studies 22,2:133-150 Dunae, Patrick A. (1980) The Boys' Own Paper. Connoisseur (203):10-14 Dunbar, J. (1970) J.M.Barrie. The Man Behind the Image. London: Collins Dundes, A., Leach, J. W. & Ozkok, B. (1972) The strategy of Turkish boys’ verbal duelling rhymes, in Gumperz, J. J. & Hymes, D. (Eds.) Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, pp. 130-60. Orig. in Journal of American Folklore 83:325-49, 1970. Dundes, Alan (1976) A Psychoanalytic Study of the Bullroarer, Man New Series 11,2:220-238 Durham, Anna (2004) Pursuing masculinity: the drama of football at a Sydney private boys' school. Thesis (Ph. D.), Dept. of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney Dusinberre, Juliet (1996) Shakespeare and the Nature of Women. Palgrave. [Chapter "Disguise and the Boy Actor"] Dusinberre, Juliet (1998a) Boys becoming women in Shakespeare's plays. Shakespeare Studies [Tokyo] 36:1-28 Dusinberre, Juliet (1998b) Women and Boys Playing Shakespeare. In Debax, As You Like It, pp. 11-26 Dusinberre, Juliet (2000) Women and Boys Playing Shakespeare. In Callaghan, Feminist Companion, pp. 251-62 Dutro, E. (2002) "Us boys like to read football and boy stuff": Reading masculinities, performing boyhood. Journal of Literacy Research, 34,4:465-500 Dyck, G. (1969) "Talking the dozens". A game of insults played in a group of adolescent boys, Bull Menninger Clinic 33,2:108-116 Dyk, W. (1938) Son of Old Man Hat. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press Dzon, Mary (2005) Boys (Including Jesus) Will Be Boys: The Late Medieval Anthropology of Childishness. Youth & Age, International Medieval Congress, 11-14 July 2005 Eagar, W. McG. (1953) Making Men. A history of boys clubs and related movements. London: University of London Press Eastman, Ch. A. (1902) Indian Boyhood. University of Nebraska Press, Omaha Echeverri, J. A. (2000) The first love of a young man: salt and sexual education among the Uitoto Indians of Lowland Columbia, in Overing, J. & Passes, A. (Eds.) The Anthropology of Love and Anger: The Aesthetics of Conviviality in Native Amazonia. London: Routledge, pp. 33-45 Eder, Donna & Evans, Catherine Colleen (1995) School Talk: Gender and Adolescent Culture. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press Edgecombe, David (1995) Theatrical Training during the Age of Shakespeare. Studies in Theatre Arts 2. Lewiston, Queenston, & Lampeter: Mellen Egan, M. (1982) The Neverland of Id: Barrie, Peter Pan and Freud, Children's Literature 10:37-55 Eide Midtsand, Nils (1987) Struggles with the "other one": The reconciliation of a pre-adolescent boy with his masculinity. Journal of Analytical Psychology 32(2) Apr, 157-171 Eisenbichler, Konrad (Ed.) (2002) The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society 1150-1650. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies Eisenman, R. et al. (1964) “Balls” on the WISC, Psychol Rep 14,1:266 Elder, William (2005) Changes in the male gender role: The effects of having children and grandchildren on traditional masculinities. American Men's Studies Association's annual conference, Men and Masculinity in a Violent World: Mar. 31-Apr. 2, 2005, Nashville,Tenn. Elders, J. S. et al. (1989) Infant testicular prostheses, J Urol 141,6:1413-5 Eliade, Mircea (1958) Initiation, rites, sociétés secrètes (Naissances mystiques, Essai sur quelques types d'initiation), Paris, Gallimard [Rites and symbols of initiation: The mysteries of birth and rebirth. (W. R. Trask, Trans.) New York: Harper & Row] Ellis, Leonard Harry (1982) Men among Men: An Exploration of All-Male Relationships in Victorian America. Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University Ember, Carol R. (1998) Socializing boys for war: a cross-cultural exploration of parental styles. Society for Cross-Cultural Research 1998 Meeting Emerson, Catherine (2005) Pissing on the Parade: The Urinating Boy Motif at Solemn Entries in the Later Middle Ages. Youth & Age, International Medieval Congress, 11-14 July 2005 Emerson, P. & Frosh, S. (2001) Young Masculinities and Sexual Abuse: Research Contestations, International Journal of Critical Psychology 3:72-93 Endresen, I. M. & Olweus, D. (2005) Participation in power sports and antisocial involvement in preadolescent and adolescent boys. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 46(5):468-478 Engebretson, Kathleen (2006) Identity, Masculinity and Spirituality: A Study of Australian Teenage Boys, Journal of Youth Studies 9,1:91-110 Engelhart, M. (1998) Extending the Tracks: A Cross-Reductionistic Approach to Australian Aboriginal Male Initiation Rites. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International Eppink, A. (1992) Moroccan boys and sex. In Schmitt, A. & Sofer, J. (Eds.) Sexuality and Eroticism among Males in Moslem Society (pp. 33-41). New York: Harrington Park Press Epstein, D. (1997) Boyz’ own stories: masculinities and sexualities in schools, Gender & Education 9,1:105-15 Epstein, D. et al. (Eds.) (1999) Failing Boys. Open University Press Epstein, D., Kehily M. J., Mac An Ghaill, M. & Redman P. (2001) "Boys Bonding: Friendship and the Production of Masculinities in a Primary School Classroom". Presented at the Third Gender and Education International Conference, London, 4-6th April 2001 Epstein, D., Kehily, M., Mac an Ghaill, M. & Redman, P. (2001) Boys and Girls Come Out to Play: Making Masculinities and Femininities in School Playgrounds, Men & Masculinities 4,2:158-72 Epstein, Marina (2006) Boys and the discourse of sexuality: The Ambiguity of "having sex": Boy's linguistic distinctions and behavior enactments. 14th Annual Conference on Men and Masculinities, April 7-9, 2006, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan Ericksen, Andrea Joy (2003) A longitudinal investigation of influences on the development of boys' body satisfaction. Ph.D., University of California, Riverside Erisman, Fred (1992) American boys' aviation books and the humanizing of technology. Social Science Journal 29,2:119-127 Esbjörn Larsson (2005b) Självverksamhet och självsvåldigt agerande. Manlighet i norm och praktik vid kadettutbildningen på Karlberg under perioden 1792-1866. Svenska Historikermötet, 22-24 april 2005, Uppsala Estell, David B. (2002) Aggression in Inner-City Early Elementary Classrooms: Individual and Peer-Group Configurations, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 48,1:52-76 Evaldsson, Ann-Carita (2002) Boys’ gossip telling: Staging identities and indexing (unacceptable) masculine behavior, TEXT 22,2, 199–225 Evans, L. & Davies, K. (2000) No Sissy Boys Here: A Content Analysis of the Representation of Masculinity in Elementary School Reading Textbooks, Sex Roles 42,3/4:255-70 Evans, Walter, (1972) The All-American boys: a study of boys’ sports fiction, Journal of Popular Culture 6,1:104-121 Eveslage, Scott T. & Delaney, Kevin J. (1996) Trash Talking: Discourse and Masculinity on a Boy's high School Basketball Team. Association Paper, American Sociological Association (ASA) Ewers, Hans-Eino (2003) Male Adolescence in German Fairy-Tale Novellas of the Enlightenment, Romanticism, and Biedermeier, Marvels & Tales 17,1:75-85 Exley, B. (2005) The Behaviour ‘Crisis’: Young Children’s Mis/understandings of the Identities of ADHD. Paper presented at AARE 2005, ‘Creative Dissent: Constructive Solutions’ Conference. Sydney: University of Western Sydney, November 28 - December 1, 2005 Eyben, Emiel (1993) Restless Youth in Ancient Rome. London, New York: Taylor & Francis Routledge Fábián, Dénes Zoltán (1999) Boys' Playset, the Toy Soldier: Cultural-Historical Details about Manufacturers, Collectors and Playing Customs. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica: An International Journal of Ethnography 44,1-2:151-75 Fagnani, Charles P. (1897) The Boyhood of Moses. The Biblical World 10,6:422-432 Falla, Jeffrey (1999) Corrupting Boys with the Category Man. 2nd Biennial Feminism(s) and Rhetoric(s) Conference, "Challenging Rhetorics: Cross-Disciplinary Sites of Feminist Discourse", October 7-9, 1999 Farland, Maria Magdalena (1996) Ethan Frome and the "Springs" of Masculinity, MFS Modern Fiction Studies 42,4:707-729 Farley, Pauline (2007) 'Turning Boys into Men': Masculinity and 'The Others': Representation of Ideal Manliness for Children in Twentieth-Century English Children's Annuals. Masculinity and the Other --An Interdisciplinary Conference, Balliol College, University of Oxford, 29-30 August 2007 Farr, Kathryn Ann (1988) Dominance bonding through the good old boys sociability group, Sex Roles 18,5-6:259-277 Farrant, M. R. (1970) Market boys of Kampala, East African Journal 7,9:13-19 Farwell, Jacob (2003) “Go Ahead, Take a Punch at Me”—Adult Status Orientations in ‘Having a Girlfriend’ in 12-Year-Olds. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Jean Piaget Society, Chicago, June 5th, 2003 Feder, Stuart (1981) “Charles and George Ives: The Veneration of Boyhood.” The Annual of Psychoanalysis, 9: 265-316. Also in Feder, S., Karmel, R. L., & Pollock, G. H. (1990). Psychoanalytic explorations in music. Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press Fellows, W. (1996) Farm Boys: Lives of Gay Men from the Rural Midwest. Madison, WI.: University of Wisconson Press Ferguson, Ann Arnett (1995) Bad Boys: School and the Social Construction of Black Masculinity. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California at Berkeley Ferguson, Ann Arnett (2000) Bad boys: Public schools in the making of Black masculinity. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press Ferguson, Felicity (2006) Making the Muscular Briton. Children‘s Literature in Education 37,3:253-265 Ferro, F. et al. (1991) Testicular prosthesis in children: a simplified insertion technique, Eur Urol 19,3:230-2 Fetscher, R. (1929) Einweihungsriten, Zeitschr f Sexualwiss & Sexualpol 16:346-347 Fiedler, Leslie A. (1948) Come Back to the Raft Ag’in, Huck Honey! Partisan Review 15,6(June): 664-671 Fine, G. A. & Johnson, B. N. (1988) The promiscuous cheerleader: An adolescent male legend, Western Folklore 39:120-129 Fine, G. A. (1980b) Preadolescent slang: Local, regional and national speech patterns among American children, Midwestern J Language & Folklore 6:5-16 Fine, G. A. (1981a) Little League baseball and the development of the male sex role, in Lewis, R. A. (Ed.) Men in Difficult Times. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 62-74 Fine, G. A. (1981b) Rude words. Insults and narration in preadolescent obscene talk, Maledicta 5:51-68 Fine, G. A. (1986) The dirty play of little boys, Society / Transaction 24:63-67. Reprinted in Kimmel, M. S. & Messner, M. A. (Eds.) Men’s Lives. New York: Macmillan, 1989, pp. 171-179 Fine, G. A. (1990) With the Boys. Little League Baseball and Preadolescent Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Finkelhor, D. & Wolak, J. (1995) Nonsexual assaults to the genitals in the youth population. JAMA. Dec 6;274(21):1692-1697 Fisher, Will (2007) Debates about Boys versus Women as Erotic Objects. 53th Annual Meeting of the RSA, Miami, FL, 22-24 March 2007 Fiske, S. (1972) Pigskin Review: An American Initiation. In Hart, M. Marie (Ed.) Sport in the Socio-Cultural Process. Dubuque, Iowa: W C Brown. pp. 241-258 Foakes, R. A. (1970) Tragedy at the Children's Theatres after 1600: A Challenge to the Adult Stage. In Galloway, Elizabethan Theatre 2, pp. 37-59 Foley, Douglas E. (1993) Mesquaki Sports Participation as an Adolescent Rite of Passage. J of Ritual Studies 7(1):26-44 Forbes, D. (2004) Boyz 2 buddhas: counseling urban high school male athletes in the zone. New York: P. Lang Forrest, S. (1997) Giants and Cuteys: Boyhood and learning to be a man. Paper given at 'Let's Hear it for the Boys: Supporting the Sex and Relationship Education Needs of Boys and Young Men' conference. London, National Children's Bureau, 3 April Forrest, Simon (2000) ‘Big and tough': boys learning about sexuality and manhood. Sexual & Relationship Therapy 15,3, p247, 15p Forse, James H. (1992) Why Boys for (Wo)Men's Roles?, or, Pardon the Delay, 'the Queen Was Shaving'. Shakespeare and Renaissance Association of West Virginia - Selected Papers 15:6-27 Forshey, Harold O. (1973) Circumcision: An Initiatory Rite in Ancient Israel? Restoration Quarterly 16(3):150-158 Forster, Edgar J. (2002) Jungenarbeit als Männlichkeitskritik, Zeitschrift für Feminismus & Arbeit 20 Foster, S. (1996) Bunny Bashing to Manhood. In L. C. Mahdi, N. G. Christopher & M. Meade (Eds.), Crossroads: The Quest for Contemporary Rites of Passage (pp. 339-352). Chicago: Open Court Foster, Steven (1987) Passage Into Manhood: A modern ritual for young men. In Context, 16:50-54 Foster, V., Michael Kimmel & Christine Skelton (2001). What about the boys? An overview of the debates. In Martino, W. & Meyenn, B. (Eds.) What about the boys? Issues of Masculinity in Schools. UK: Open University Press, pp. 1–23 Fouz-Hernández, S. (2004) Boys will be Men: Youth, Masculinity and Sexual Identity in Barrio (León, 1998), Krámpack (Cesc Gay, 2000) and El Bola (Mañas, 2000). ACIS (Association for Contemporary Iberian Studies)Annual Conference, University of Limerick, Republic of Ireland, 9-11 September 2004 Fouz-Hernández, S. (Forthcoming 2005) ‘School is Out: the English ‘coming out’ films of the 1990s’ in Queer Cinema in Europe, ed. by Robin Griffiths (Bristol: Intellect Books). First published in 2003 in New Cinemas 1,3:149-164 Fouz-Hernández, S. (Forthcoming 2006) ‘Boys will be Men: Teen Masculinities in Recent Spanish Cinema’ in Youth/Culture/Shock: Adolescents in International Cinema, ed. by Timothy Shary and Alexandra Seibel. Austin: Texas University Press Fox, R. (1993) Male Masturbation and Female Orgasm, Society 30,6(206):21-25 Fraenkel, Ernest (1952) La circoncision chez les Juifs peut-elle s'expliquer comme une castration atténuée, infligée à ses fils par le chef de la horde? Psyche: Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Ihre Anwendungen 7:377-385 Francis, Becky & Archer, Louise (2005) Negotiating the dichotomy of Boffin and Triad: British-Chinese pupils’ constructions of `laddism', The Sociological Review 53,3:495-521 Francis, Becky (1999) Lads, Lasses and (New) Labour: 14-16-year-old students' responses to the 'laddish behaviour and boys' underachievement' debate, British Journal of Sociology of Education 20,3, 355–371 Francis, Becky (2006) Heroes or zeroes? The discursive positioning of ‘underachieving boys’ in English neo-liberal education policy. Journal of Education Policy 21,2:187-200 Francke, Kuno (1905) The ‘Blessed Boys’ in Faust and Klopstock, Modern Philology 2,4:4610-462 Franges, Elizabeth Ashley & Tolman, Deborah L. (2006) Boys Just Want Sex, But I'm the Exception. SRA (Society for Research on Adolescence) Biennial Meeting, Thursday, March 23-26, 2006, San Francisco, California Frank, B. W. & K. Davison (200X) Masculinities and Schooling: International Practices and Perspectives. London, ON, Althouse Press Frank, B. W. & Kehler, M. D. (2004) Boys and masculinities: Negotiating the contradictions and tensions of the practice of masculinities in schooling. Paper presented at the Hawai’i International Conference on Education, Hawai’i Frank, B. W. & Martino, W. (200X) The Tyranny of Surveillance: Male Teachers and the Policing of Masculinities in a Single Sex School, Harvard Educational Review Frank, B. W. (1996) Masculinities and Schooling: The Making of Men, Juanita Ross Epp & Ailsa M. Watkinson (Eds.) Systematic Violence: How Schools Hurt Children. Washington, USA: The Falmer Press, pp. 113-129 Frank, B. W. with M. Kehler and K. Davison (200X) Contradictions and Tensions of the Practice of Masculinities in School: Interrogating 'Good Buddy Talk', Youth & Society Frank, B. W., Kehler, M. D., Lovell, T. & Davison, K. (2003) A tangle of trouble: Boys, masculinity and schooling - future directions. Educational Review, 55:119-133 Frank, B. W., Martino, W. & Meyenn, B. (Eds.) (200X) Men, Masculinities and Teaching Boys on School. London, UK: Palgrave MacMillan Frank, Perry June (1991) "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" on film: The evolution of an American icon. Ph.D. Dissertation, The George Washington University Frankel, Loren (2000) The Cultural and Developmental Significance of American Males' Experiences of First Ejaculation (Semenarche). Paper for the American Sociological Association Frankel, Loren (2001) Contradictions and taboos surrounding American adolescent males’ experiences of first ejaculation (semenarche). Unpublished masters’ thesis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Frankel, Loren (2002a) “Hands off!”: The Taboo around Males’ First Ejaculation. Paper, Human Development Department, MVR Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca Frankel, Loren (2002b) "I've Never Thought About It": Contradictions and Taboos Surrounding American Males Experiences of First Ejaculation (Semenarche), J Men’s Studies 11,1:37-54 Frankel, Loren (2003) "The Most Significant of All Adolescent Developments": Contradictions and Taboos Surrounding First Ejaculation. Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS) 2003 Annual Meeting Frankel, Loren (2004) An Appeal for Additional Research About the Development of Heterosexual Male Sexual Identity, Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 16,4:1-16 Frankel, Mark (1995) Boy Soldiers: Special Report. Newsweek, August 7: cover, 8-21 Franklin, P. B. & Goicolea, A. (2001) Boyology, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 7, 2, 1:355-363 Frantzen, Allen J. (1996) Where the Boys Are: Same-Sex Relations in the Anglo-Saxon Penitentials. Old English Newsletter 29,3:A-37 Frantzen, Allen J. (1997) Where the Boys Are: Children and Sex in the Anglo-Saxon Penitentials, in Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome & Wheeler, Bonnie (Eds.) Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Garland Publishing, pp. 43-66 Franz, M. von (1981) Puer Aeternus: A Psychological Study of Adult Struggle with the Paradise of Childhood, 2nd ed. Sigo Press, Santa Monica Franz, M.-L. von ([1964] 1990) Über religiöse Hintergründe des Puer-Aeternus-Problems. In Psychotherapie. Erfahrungen aus der Praxis. Daimon Verlag, pp. 325-342 Franz, M.-L. von (1966) Religious aspects in the background of the puer aeternus. Harvest 12:4-15 Fraser, B. M. (1981) The origins and early history of the Boys' Brigade. Thesis Freeman, Dena (2002) From Warrior to Wife: Cultural Transformation in the Gamo Highlands of Ethiopia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 8,1:23-- Freese, Peter (1969) Die Inititationsreise. Studien zum jugendlichen Helden im modernen amerikanischen Roman. Mit einer exemplarischen Analyse von J. D. Salingers "The catcher in the rye". Diss. University Kiel. Neumünster: Wachholtz 1971; Tübingen: Stauffenburg-Verlag 1998 Frewen, S. (1987) Stroller Boys: A Case Study. Unpublished Honours Dissertation. Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town Friedman, R. M. (1996) The role of the testicles in male psychological development, J Am Psychoanal Assoc 44,1:201-53 Friedman, Richard C. & Downey, Jennifer I. (1995) Biology and the oedipus complex. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 64(2) Apr, 234-264 Frosh, S. & Phoenix, A. (n.d.) Emergent identities: masculinity and 11-14 yr old boys. Lecture Frosh, S. (2005) Struggling Towards Manhood: Boys' narratives of homophobia and fathering. Centre for Research on Family, Kinship and Childhood Annual Conference, University of Leeds, April 14th, 2005 Frosh, S., Phoenix, A. & Pattman, R. (2000a) 'But It's Racism I really Hate': Young Masculinities, Racism and Psychoanalysis, Psychoanal Psychol 17:225-42 Frosh, S., Phoenix, A. & Pattman, R. (2000b) Cultural contestations in practice: White boys and the racialisation of masculinities, in Squire, C. (Ed.) Culture in Psychology. London: Routledge Frosh, S., Phoenix, A. & Pattman, R. (2001) Young Masculinities: Understanding Boys in Contemporary Society. London: Palgrave Frosh, S., Phoenix, A. & Pattman, R. (2003) Taking a stand: using psychoanalysis to explore the positioning of subjects in discourse, British Journal of Social Psychology 42,1:39-53 Frosh, S., Phoenix, A. & Pattman, R. (2003) The Trouble with Boys, The Psychologist 16:84-87 Fuchs, Peter (1973) Zirkumzision. Göttingen : Institut für den Wissenschaftlichen Film [AV] Fulton, C. (1997) The boy stripped bare by his elders: art and adolescence in Renaissance Florence. Art-Journal, 56:31-40 Furfey, Paul Hanley (1926) The Gang Age: A Study of the Preadolescent Boy and His Recreational Needs. New York: Macmillian Furfey, Paul Hanley (1928) The Parish and Play: Some Notes on the Boy Problem. Dolphin Press: Philadelphia Furfey, Paul Hanly (1926) The Gang Age; A Study Of The Preadolescent Boy And His Recreational Needs. Ph.D., The Catholic University of America Fusso, S. (2000) Dostoevsky’s Comely Boy: Homoerotic Desire and Aesthetic Strategies in A Raw Youth, Russian Rev 59,4:577-596 Gaddis, A. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1985) The male experience of pubertal change, J Youth & Adolesc 14,1:61-69 Gage, Jean (1958) Age Classes, Rites and Clothing of Passage in Ancient Latium, Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie 24:34-64 Galenson, Eleanor & Roiphe, Herman (1980) The Preoedipal Development of the Boy. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 28:805, 23p Galt-Brown, James Herbert (2002) Baden-Powell and His Boy Scouts: The Reasons for Their Creation, Growth and Success in Great Britain, 1906-1920. Ph.D. Dissertation, Mississippi State University Garbarino, James (1999) Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them. New York Gard, M. & Meyenn, R. (2000) Boys, Bodies, Pleasure and Pain: Interrogating Contact Sports in Schools. Sport, Education & Society 5,1:19-34 Gard, M. (2001) Dancing around the 'Problem' of Boys and Dance. Discourse, 22,2:213-225 Gardiner, Judith Kegan (2002) Theorizing age and gender: Bly’s boys, feminism, and maturity masculinity. In Masculinity studies & feminist theory: New directions, edited by J. K. Gardiner, 90-118. New York: University of Columbia Press Garrido-Hory, Marguerite (1997) « Puer » et « minister » chez Martial et Juvénal. In Schiavi e dipendenti nell'ambito dell'« oikos » e della « familia »: atti del XXII Colloquio GIREA, Pontignano (Siena), 19-20 nov. 1995 / a cura di Mauro Moggi e Giuseppe Cordiano; con un indice delle fonti di Maria Pettinato. Pisa : ETS, pp. 307-327 Gartner, Richard B. (1997) An analytic group for sexually abused men, International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 47:373-383 Gartner, Richard B. (1997) Considerations in the psychoanalytic treatment of men who were sexually abused as children. Psychoanalytic Psychology 14:13-41 Gartner, Richard B. (1999) Cinematic depictions of boyhood sexual victimization, Gender & Psychoanal 4,3:253-289 Gartner, Richard B. (1999) Relational aftereffects in manhood of boyhood sexual abuse. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 29:319-353 Gartner, Richard B. (1999a) Sexual victimization of boys by men: Meanings and consequences. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 3:1-33 Gartner, Richard B. (1999b) Betrayed as Boys: Psychodynamic Treatment of Sexually Abused Men. Guilford Press Gartner, Richard B. (2002) Effects on boys of priest abuse. Psychologist-Psychoanalyst 22:15-17 Gartner, Richard B. (2004) Predatory priests: Sexually abusing Fathers. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 5:31-56 Gartner, Richard B. (2005) Beyond Betrayal: Taking Charge of Your Life After Boyhood Sexual Abuse. Wiley Gateward, Frances (2005) In Love and Trouble: Teenage Boys and Interracial Romance, in Pomerance, Murray & Gateward, Frances (Eds.) (2005) Where The Boys Are: Cinemas of Masculinity and Youth (Contemporary Approaches to Film and Television). Detroit MI: Wayne State University Press Gathome-Hardy, J. (1977) The old school tie: the phenomenon of English public school. New York: Viking Gauthier-Hamon, Corinne & Roger Teboul (1986) Prostitution homosexuelle des garçons. Rapport pédophilique et initiation, Nouvelle revue d'ethnopsychiatrie 6:41-60 Geduld, Harry M. Sir (1971) James Barrie. New York: Twayne Geiser-Elze, A., Guck-Nigrelli, A., Laszig, P. & Loetz, S. (2005). Leolo - "Weil ich träume, bin ich nicht..." ,Tagebuch- und Traumtexte eines pubertierenden Jungen. Psychoanalyse im Widerspruch, 17 (33), 125-131 Geis-Tronich, G. (1991) Notizen zum Initiationslager der Gulmance in Burkina Faso. Paideuma 37:15-24 Geller, Evelyn (1976) Tom Sawyer, Tom Bailey, and the Bad-Boy Genre. Wilson Library Bulletin 51,3:245-50 George, C. James (2003) A boy's world through a mask: an examination of gender identity in middle school boys. Thesis (M.A.), Pacific Lutheran University Gibbs, Christine (2000) Sensational Schoolboys: Mrs. Henry Wood's The Orville College Boys. Lion & the Unicorn 24,1:45-60 Gibson, Henry William (1912) Boyology or Boy Analysis. New York Gibson, Joy Leslie (2001) Squeaking Cleopatras: The Elizabethan Boy Player. New York & Stroud, England: Sutton Giesecke, Hermann (1981) Vom Wandervogel bis zur Hitlerjugend: Jugendarbeit zwischen Politik und Pädagogik. München: Juventa-Verlag (2002 digital edition) Gifford, J. (2001) Left to Themselves: The Subversive Boys Books of Edward Prime-Stevenson (1858-1942). Journal of American & Comparative Cultures 24,3/4:113-16 Gilbert, Herdt (2004) Sambia Women's Positionality and Men's Rituals. In Pascale Bonnemere (Ed.) Women as Unseen Characters: Male Ritual in Papua New Guinea, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Gilbert, Jane (1997) Boys Will Be... What? Gender, Sexuality, and Childhood in "Floire et Blancheflor" and "Floris et Lyriope”, Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies 9, 1:39-61 Gilbert, M. & Mencia, L. F. (1969) Artificial testicles in children, South Med J 62,5:611-4 Gilbert, R. & Gilbert, P. (1998) Masculinity Goes to School. Sydney: Allen & Unwin Gill J, Starr K (2000) Sauce for the goose? Deconstructing the boys-in-education push. Discourse 21:323-333 Gill, Arthur A. R. (1913) Boy Bishops, Notes and Queries s11-VII:30 Gill, Sam D. (1977) Hopi Kachina Cult Initiation: The Shocking Beginning to the Hopi's Religious Life. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 45,2(suppl.):447-64 Gill, Zoë (2004) ‘Boys’ (and ‘Girls’?) in the policy document Boys: Getting it right. Refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference, University of Adelaide, 29 September – 1 October 2004 Gilmore, David (1990) Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity. New Haven & London: Yale University Press Giordano, Peggy C. et al. (2006) Gender and the meaning(s) of adolescent romantic relationships: A focus on boys. American Sociological Review 71:260-287 Gjellstad, Melissa (2004) Homoerotic or Homophobic? Teenage bodies in Mannen som elsket Yngve. Edda [Nordic Journal of Literary Research] 4:341-351 Glasenapp, Malgorzata (2001) Femina Non Grata: Femininity in Exile in British Boys' School Stories. pp. 127-38. In Kalaga, Wojciech & Rachwal, Tadeusz (Eds. & introd.) The Writing of Exile. Katowice, Poland: Slask Glaser, C. (1998) Swines, Hazels and the Dirty Dozen: Masculinity, Territoriality and the Youth Gangs of Soweto, 1960-1976, J Southern Afr Stud 24,4:719-736 Glaser, C. (2000) Bo-Tsotsi: the youth gangs of Soweto, 1935-1976. (Heinemann, David Phillip) Glauser, Beat (1985) Boys and Girls, Sons and Daughters: The Evidence of the Survey of English Dialects (SED), English World-Wide 6:37-57 Glazer, Mark (1976) On Verbal Dueling among Turkish Boys. Journal of American Folklore 89:87-89 Glenn, J. (1969) Testicular and scrotal masturbation, Int J Psychoanal 50,3:353-362 Glenn-Hume, David (1998) Being a boy in a primary school. Thesis (M. Ed.), University of Canberra Glick, Leonard B. (2005) Marked in your flesh: circumcision from ancient Judea to modern America. Oxford [etc.]: Oxford University Press Glover, L. (2004) "Let us manufacture men": educating elite boys in the early national South. In: Southern manhood. University of Georgia Press Glynn, Warrick (1999) Non-hegemonic masculinities and sexualities in the secondary school: construction and regulation within a culture of heteronormativity. Masters Research thesis, Faculty of Education, University of Melbourne Godelier, M. (1981) La Production des Grands Hommes. Paris: Fayard. 1986 transl., The Making of Great Men. Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press Goh, Madeleine Milim (2004) The poetics of chariot driving and rites of passage in ancient Greece. PhD Dissertation, Harvard University Golding, William (1954) The Lord of the Flies. Berkley Publishing Group Goldman, S. (2003) White Boyhood under Apartheid: The experience of being looked after by a Black nanny. Doctoral Thesis, submitted for the degree Doctor of Philosophy and Literature in the Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria Goldsmith, S. (1995) Oedipus or Orestes? Aspects of gender identity development in homosexual males. Psychoanal. Inquiry 10:112-124 Goldstein, M. A. (2003) Male puberty: physical, psychological, and emotional issues. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews 14,3:541-553 Goldstein, Warren (1989) Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press Golightly, C. & Scheffler, I. (1948) “Playing the dozens”: a note, J Abnorm Soc Psychol 43:104-5 Gollaher, David L. (1994) From Ritual to Science: The Medical Transformation of Circumcision in America, Journal of Social History 28,1:5-36 Gomes, Daniel (1995) "Sissy" boys and "unhappy" girls: childrearing during the Cold War, Thresholds: viewing culture [University of California Santa Barbara] 9:7-18 Goodey, Jo (1997) Boys Don't Cry, British J Criminol 37,3:401-418 Goodey, Jo (1998a) Doing research on 'fear of crime, boys, race and masculinities': utilising a feminist standpoint epistemology'. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 1,2:137-151 Goodey, Jo (1998b) Understanding Racism and Masculinity: Drawing on Research with Boys Aged Eight to Sixteen, International Journal of the Sociology of Law 26:393-418 Goodwin, John & O’Connor, Henrietta (2004) Boys Gendered Transitions to Work in the 1960s. Centre for Labour Market Studies, University of Leicester. Research Paper No. 6 Gordon, M. (Fall 1996) Three men tell me stories about their boyhoods. Salmagundi 112:122-130 Gough, B. & Edwards, G. (1998) The beer talking: Four lads, a carry out and the reproduction of masculinities, Sociol Rev 46,2:409-435 Goyton, R. (1997-8) “Pissing Out The Fire”: Reasserting Masculine Identity In A Closure Ritual [http://prizedwriting.ucdavis.edu/past/1997-1998/pdfs/goyton.pdf] Graham, Fiona (2003) Teaching a single boy in a class of girls. Gender and Education 4th International Conference, 'Revisiting Feminist Perspectives on Gender and Education', 14th-16th April 2003, Stephenson Hall, University of Sheffield, UK Graham, Mekada & Robinson, Gil (2004) "The silent catastrophe": institutional racism in the British educational system and the underachievement of black boys. Journal of Black Studies 34,5:653-671 Granach, Stephen Mark (2001) Ceremonial rites of passage for adolescent boys: Essential components for contemporary initiations. MSW Thesis, California State University, Long Beach Grant, Elizabeth; Angus Grant, Judith Brown, Evans Manuthu, Kenneth Micheni & Jane Njeru (2004) "'Seizing the Day': Right Time, Right Place, and Right Message for Adolescent Male Reproductive Sexual Health: Lessons from the Meru of Eastern Province Kenya", International Journal of Men's Health 3,3:189-196 Grant, J. (2004) A "real boy" and not a sissy: gender, childhood, and masculinity, 1890-1940. Journal of Social History 37,4:829-851 Grant, Sandy (1984) The revival of the bogwera in the Kgatleng: Tswana culture or rampant tribalism? A description of the 1982 bogwera. Botswana Notes & Records [Botswana] 16:7-17 Gras, Henk (1987-8) Boy Actors en Disguise: De context. Tijdschrift voor Theaterwetenschap 6,20-21:95-116 [Dutch] Gras, Henk (1994) Enchanting Metadrama: Shakespeare's Use of the Boy Actor in As You Like It. pp. 33-55. In Hoenselaars, A. J. (Ed.) Reclamations of Shakespeare. DQR Studies in Literature 15. Amsterdam: Rodopi Grasberger, Lorenz (1864-1881) Erziehung und Unterricht im klassischen Alterthum : mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Bedürfnisse der Gegenwart. 3 vols. Würzburg: Stahel Grasmuck, Sherri & Janet Goldwater (2005) Class, Race, and Masculinity in Boys' Baseball. Rutgers Press Gray, J. P. (1986) Growing Yams and Men: An Interpretation of Kimam Male Ritualized Homosexual Behavior, in Blackwood, E. (Ed.) Anthropology and Homosexual Behavior. New York: Hayworth Press = J Homosex 11,3/4:55-68 Green, A. S. (1995) Savage childhood: the scientific construction of girlhood and boyhood in the progressive era. Thesis (Ph. D.), Yale University Green, Andrew (2001) Boy wonders, The Singer, August/September Green, Martin (1981) The Charm of Peter Pan. Children's Literature: Annual of The Modern Language Association Division on Children's Literature and The Children's Literature 9:19-27 Green, Richard & Money, J. (1966) Stage-acting, role-taking, and effeminate impersonation during boyhood, Arch Gen Psychiatry, Nov; 15:535-538 Green, Richard (1987) The "Sissy Boy Syndrome" and the Development of Homosexuality. New York: Vail-Ballou Press Green, Richard, L. E. Newman, & R. J. Stoller (1972) Treatment of boyhood "transsexualism", Arch Gen Psychiatry, Mar; 26:213-217 Greer, G. (2003) The Beautiful Boy. New York: Rizzoli Gregory, Matthew A. (2005) Sport, violence and masculinity: Caught in a web. MA Thesis, Boston College Grewel, F. (1958) The Frenum Praeputii and the Defloration of the Human Male, Folia Psychiatrica, Neurologica et Neurochirurgica Neerlandica 61,2:123-126 Gribben, Alan (1985) 'I Did Wish Tom Sawyer Was There': Boy-Book Elements in Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. pp. 149-170. In Sattelmeyer, Robert & Crowley, J. Donald (Eds.) One Hundred Years of Huckleberry Finn: The Boy, His Book, and American Culture. Columbia: U of Missouri Press Gribben, Alan (1988) Manipulating a Genre: "Huckleberry Finn" as Boy Book, South Central Review 5,4:15-21 Griffin, Christine (2000) Discourses of Crisis and Loss: Analysing the 'Boys' Underachievement' Debate. Journal of Youth Studies 3,2:167-188 Griffiths, Owen (2005) The Martial, the Male, and the Media: Representing War in Japanese Children's Magazines, 1937-1945. 2005 Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting, March 31-April 3 Grindal, Bruce T. (1977) "Washing away the hand": a later life rite of passage among the Sisala of Northern Ghana. Savanna 6,2:141-144 Grinstein, Alexander (1953) The Boy and the Dike. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 34:265, 6p. Grohskopf, B. (1990) 'I'll be a farmer': boyhood letters of William James. The Virginia Quarterly Review 66:585-600 Grossman, Gary (1999) Discussion: Richard Isay’s “Gender in homosexual boys: Some developmental and clinical considerations. Meeting of the American Psychoanalytic Association, Washington, D.C., May 16, 1999, pp. 1-8 Groth, M., [Has Anyone Seen the Boy?] Monograph in preparation Groth, Miles (2007) Has Anyone Seen the Boy? Thymos 1,1 Grottano, Nikki (2005) G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero? Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Symposium for Research and Creative Projects, Friday, April 15, 2005 Grygie, Marcin (2004a) Semantic change as a process of conceptual blending. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 2,1:285-304 Grygie, Marcin (2004b) Semantic changes within the domain BOY in panchronic perspective. In J. Fisiak (Ed.) Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 40, 153-162, Poznan: Wydawnictwo UAM Guérin, Christian (1981) Le scoutisme Français: une experience pedagogique parallele [French scouting: a parallel pedagogical experiment]. Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine [France] 28(Jan-Mar): 118-131 Guérin, Christian (1993) La collection "signe de piste": pour une histoire culturelle du scoutisme en France [The Signe de Piste series: toward a history of the Boy Scout movement in France]. Vingtième Siècle [France] (40): 45-61 Guggenbühl, A. et al. (2006) Buben- und Burschenarbeit in Östereich. Wien: Bundesministerium für soziale Sicherheit, Generationen und Konsumentenschutz Männerpolitische Grundsatzabteilung Gullette, Margaret Morganroth (1999) Age studies as cultural studies. In T. R. Cole, R. Ray & R. Kastenbaum (Eds.) Handbook of the humanities and aging, (2nd ed., pp. 214-33). New York: Springer Gullette, Margaret Morganroth (2000) "Age Studies, and Gender," in Encyclopedia of Feminist Theory, ed. Lorraine Code. London & New York: Routledge Gullette, Margaret Morganroth (2004) Aged by Culture. University of Chicago Press Gullo, Frank (1996) Wide awake in America: The emergence and dissolution of American ceremonial rites of passage. MA Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada) Gunn, R. (2004) Inner-city "schoolboy" life, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, 595, 63-79 Gunzelmann, B., et. al. (2006) The New Gender Gap: Social, Psychological, Neuro-biological, and Educational Perspectives. Educational Horizons 84,2:94-101 Gurian, M., et. al. (2006) How Boys Learn. Educational Horizons 84,2:87-93 Gurian, Michael & Stevens, Kathy (2005) The Minds of Boys: Saving Our Sons From Falling Behind in School and Life. Jossey-Bass Gurian, Michael (1996) The Wonder of Boys. New York, NY: Penguin Putnam, Inc. Gurian, Michael (1999) A Fine Young Man. New York: Tarcher/Putnam Gurses, N., Gurses, N., Ozkan, A. & Uysal, A. (1987) Penile agenesis- a case report, Z Kinderchir 42,6:386-7 Guth Ch. M. E. (1987) The Divine Boy in Japanese Art, Monumenta Nipponica 42,1:1-23 Gutwirth, Linda (1969) The role of male initiation rites among the Walbiri of central Australia. M.A. Thesis - City University of New York Haavind, Hanne (2003) Masculinity by rule-breaking: Cultural contestations in the transitional move from being a child to being a young male. Nora: Nordic Journal of Women's Studies, Volume 11 Number 2, August Hackel, Heidi Brayman (2005) Children and Chirology: The Boy in Titus Andronicus. Seminar: Liminal Subjects: Children and Early Modern Drama, Shakespeare Association of America conference, Bermuda Hadgisteliou-Price T. (1969) The crouching child and « temple boys ». Annual British School at Athens LXIV:95-111 Hafeneger, Benno (2005) Jungenbilder – eine phänomenologische Skizze, Sozialextra, 6, June, pp. 40-43 Hage, P. (1981) On Male Initiation and Dual Organisation in New Guinea, Man, New Series 16,2:268-75 Hale, Frederick (1999) Conflicting Paths Towards Manhood in Timothy Wangusa's Upon This Mountain. Missionalia 27(1):96-114 Hall, Clare (2005) Gender and boys’ singing in early childhood, British Journal of Music Education, 22,1:5-20 Hall, Jeffrey & Leigh Willis (2005) It’s a family affair: Gender schema formation and domestic interactions among African American males. American Men's Studies Association's annual conference, Men and Masculinity in a Violent World: Mar. 31-Apr. 2, 2005, Nashville, Tenn. Hall, L. (1991) Forbidden by God, despised by men: masturbation, medical warnings, moral panic, and manhood in Great Britain 1850-1950. Journal of the History of Sexuality 2.3:365-387 Hallden, G. (1998) Boyhood and fatherhood: Narratives about a future family life. Childhood, 5(1), 23-39 Hallman, R. J. (1969) The archetypes in Peter Pan, J Anal Psychol 14,1:65-73 Halverson, H. M. (1940) Genital and sphincter behavior of the male infant, J Genet Psychol 56:95-136 Ham, Greta Louise (1997) The Choes and male maturation ritual in Attic Dionysiac cult. PhD Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin Hambly, Wilfrid D. (1935) Tribal Initiation of Boys in Angola, American Anthropologist 37,1:36-40 Hamer, Lynne (1998) Caging Wild Birds: Making "Real Boys" into "Real Men" at the Interlaken School, 1907-1918. Educational Studies: A Jrnl of the American Educ. Studies Assoc 29,4:358-376 Hammond, Nicholas G. L. (1990) Royal pages, personal pages, and boys trained in the Macedonian manner during the period of the Temenid monarchy. Historia XXXIX:261-290 Hamreby, Kerstin (2005) Flickor och pojkar i den sociala barnavården: Föreställningar om kön och sociala problem under 1900-talet. Doctoral thesis, Umeå University Hannabuss, Stuart (1977) Information Clinic: The Correspondence Column of the "Boy's Own Paper" in 1894-95. Library Review [Great Britain] 26(4): 279-285 Hansen, I.V. "A Decade of Betsy Byars' Boys." CLE, n.s. 15, no. 1(Spring 1984):3-11 Hansen, Sally (2001) Boys and Writing: Reluctance? Reticence? Or Rebellion? Paper presented at the Learning Conference, Spetses, Greece, July 4-8 Hanson, Bruce K. (1993) Peter Pan Chronicles: The Nearly 100 Year History Of The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up. Carol Publishing Group Hanson, Carter F. (2001) Lost among white others: late-Victorian lost race novels for boys. Nineteenth-Century Contexts [Netherlands] 23(4): 497-527 Hantover, Jeffrey P. (1976) Sex Role, Sexuality, and Social Status: The Early Years of the Boy Scouts. Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago Hantover, Jeffrey P. (1978) The Boy Scouts and the Validation of Masculinity, Journal of Social Issues 34,1:184-195. Also in The American Man, ed. Elizabeth H. Pleck, Joseph H. Pleck (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980). Also in E. Anthony Rotundo, American Manhood (Basic Books: New York 1993), ch. 10. Also in Kimmel, Michael & Messner, Michael (Eds.) Men's Lives. New York/Toronto: Macmillan/Maxwell (2nd edition) Harcourt, Edward John (2006) "The Boys Will Have to Fight the Battles without Me": The Making of Sam Davis, "Boy Hero of the Confederacy". Southern Cultures 12,3:29-54 Hargreaves, Duane & Tiggemann, Marika (2006) 'Body Image is for Girls': A Qualitative Study of Boys' Body Image. Journal of Health Psychology 11,4:567-576 Harries, (1990) La symbolique du sexe: l'identité culturelle au début de l'exploitation des mines d'or du Witwatersrand, Cahiers d'études africaines 30, cah. 120,451-474 Harrill, J.A. (2002) Coming of Age and Putting on Christ: The Toga Virilis Ceremony, Its Paraenesis, and Paul's Interpretation of Baptism in Galatians. Novum Testamentum 44,3:252-277 Harrington, Charles (1968) Sexual Differentiation in Socialization and Some Male Genital Mutilations, American Anthropologist 70,5:951-956 Harrington, Ingrid (2005) A dominant masculinities discourse and the context of school: A case study of